# tablepress/3.4/libraries/vendor/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Engineering/ConvertUOM.php

TablePress – Tables in WordPress made easy, version 3.4. 695 lines.

- Page: https://pluginprobe.com/plugins/tablepress/3.4/code/libraries/vendor/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Engineering/ConvertUOM.php
- Raw: https://pluginprobe.com/plugins/tablepress/3.4/raw/libraries/vendor/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Engineering/ConvertUOM.php
- Modified: 2025-10-28T04:41:40+00:00

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```php
<?php

namespace TablePress\PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Engineering;

use TablePress\PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\ArrayEnabled;
use TablePress\PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Exception;
use TablePress\PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Information\ExcelError;

class ConvertUOM
{
	use ArrayEnabled;

	public const CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS = 'Weight and Mass';
	public const CATEGORY_DISTANCE = 'Distance';
	public const CATEGORY_TIME = 'Time';
	public const CATEGORY_PRESSURE = 'Pressure';
	public const CATEGORY_FORCE = 'Force';
	public const CATEGORY_ENERGY = 'Energy';
	public const CATEGORY_POWER = 'Power';
	public const CATEGORY_MAGNETISM = 'Magnetism';
	public const CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE = 'Temperature';
	public const CATEGORY_VOLUME = 'Volume and Liquid Measure';
	public const CATEGORY_AREA = 'Area';
	public const CATEGORY_INFORMATION = 'Information';
	public const CATEGORY_SPEED = 'Speed';

	/**
	 * Details of the Units of measure that can be used in CONVERTUOM().
	 *
	 * @var array<string, array{Group: string, UnitName: string, AllowPrefix: bool}>
	 */
	private static array $conversionUnits = [
		// Weight and Mass
		'g' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Gram', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'sg' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Slug', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'lbm' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Pound mass (avoirdupois)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'u' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'U (atomic mass unit)', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ozm' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Ounce mass (avoirdupois)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'grain' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Grain', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'cwt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'U.S. (short) hundredweight', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'shweight' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'U.S. (short) hundredweight', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'uk_cwt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial hundredweight', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'lcwt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial hundredweight', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'hweight' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial hundredweight', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'stone' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Stone', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ton' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Ton', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'uk_ton' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial ton', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'LTON' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial ton', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'brton' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial ton', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		// Distance
		'm' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Meter', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'mi' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Statute mile', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Nmi' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Nautical mile', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'in' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Inch', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ft' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Foot', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'yd' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Yard', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ang' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Angstrom', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ell' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Ell', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ly' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Light Year', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'parsec' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Parsec', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'pc' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Parsec', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Pica' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Pica (1/72 in)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Picapt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Pica (1/72 in)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'pica' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'Pica (1/6 in)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'survey_mi' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE, 'UnitName' => 'U.S survey mile (statute mile)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		// Time
		'yr' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Year', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'day' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Day', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'd' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Day', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'hr' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Hour', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'mn' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Minute', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'min' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Minute', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'sec' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Second', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		's' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TIME, 'UnitName' => 'Second', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		// Pressure
		'Pa' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE, 'UnitName' => 'Pascal', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'p' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE, 'UnitName' => 'Pascal', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'atm' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE, 'UnitName' => 'Atmosphere', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'at' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE, 'UnitName' => 'Atmosphere', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'mmHg' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE, 'UnitName' => 'mm of Mercury', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'psi' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE, 'UnitName' => 'PSI', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'Torr' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE, 'UnitName' => 'Torr', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		// Force
		'N' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_FORCE, 'UnitName' => 'Newton', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'dyn' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_FORCE, 'UnitName' => 'Dyne', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'dy' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_FORCE, 'UnitName' => 'Dyne', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'lbf' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_FORCE, 'UnitName' => 'Pound force', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'pond' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_FORCE, 'UnitName' => 'Pond', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		// Energy
		'J' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Joule', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'e' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Erg', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'c' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Thermodynamic calorie', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'cal' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'IT calorie', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'eV' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Electron volt', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ev' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Electron volt', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'HPh' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Horsepower-hour', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'hh' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Horsepower-hour', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Wh' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Watt-hour', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'wh' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Watt-hour', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'flb' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'Foot-pound', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'BTU' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'BTU', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'btu' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_ENERGY, 'UnitName' => 'BTU', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		// Power
		'HP' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_POWER, 'UnitName' => 'Horsepower', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'h' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_POWER, 'UnitName' => 'Horsepower', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'W' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_POWER, 'UnitName' => 'Watt', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'w' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_POWER, 'UnitName' => 'Watt', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'PS' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_POWER, 'UnitName' => 'Pferdestärke', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		// Magnetism
		'T' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_MAGNETISM, 'UnitName' => 'Tesla', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ga' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_MAGNETISM, 'UnitName' => 'Gauss', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		// Temperature
		'C' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Degrees Celsius', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'cel' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Degrees Celsius', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'F' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Degrees Fahrenheit', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'fah' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Degrees Fahrenheit', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'K' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Kelvin', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'kel' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Kelvin', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Rank' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Degrees Rankine', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Reau' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE, 'UnitName' => 'Degrees Réaumur', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		// Volume
		'l' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Litre', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'L' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Litre', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'lt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Litre', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'tsp' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Teaspoon', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'tspm' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Modern Teaspoon', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'tbs' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Tablespoon', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'oz' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Fluid Ounce', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'cup' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cup', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'pt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'U.S. Pint', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'us_pt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'U.S. Pint', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'uk_pt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'U.K. Pint', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'qt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Quart', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'uk_qt' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial Quart (UK)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'gal' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Gallon', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'uk_gal' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Imperial Gallon (UK)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ang3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Angstrom', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ang^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Angstrom', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'barrel' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'US Oil Barrel', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'bushel' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'US Bushel', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'in3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Inch', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'in^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Inch', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ft3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Foot', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ft^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Foot', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ly3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Light Year', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ly^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Light Year', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'm3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Meter', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'm^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Meter', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'mi3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Mile', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'mi^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Mile', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'yd3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Yard', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'yd^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Yard', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Nmi3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Nautical Mile', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Nmi^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Nautical Mile', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Pica3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Pica^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Picapt3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Picapt^3' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Cubic Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'GRT' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Gross Registered Ton', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'regton' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Gross Registered Ton', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'MTON' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_VOLUME, 'UnitName' => 'Measurement Ton (Freight Ton)', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		// Area
		'ha' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Hectare', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'uk_acre' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'International Acre', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'us_acre' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'US Survey/Statute Acre', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ang2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Angstrom', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ang^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Angstrom', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ar' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Are', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'ft2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Feet', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ft^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Feet', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'in2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Inches', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'in^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Inches', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ly2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Light Years', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'ly^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Light Years', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'm2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Meters', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'm^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Meters', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'Morgen' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Morgen', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'mi2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Miles', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'mi^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Miles', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Nmi2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Nautical Miles', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Nmi^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Nautical Miles', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Pica2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Pica^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Picapt2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'Picapt^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Pica', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'yd2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Yards', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'yd^2' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_AREA, 'UnitName' => 'Square Yards', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		// Information
		'byte' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_INFORMATION, 'UnitName' => 'Byte', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'bit' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_INFORMATION, 'UnitName' => 'Bit', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		// Speed
		'm/s' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_SPEED, 'UnitName' => 'Meters per second', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'm/sec' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_SPEED, 'UnitName' => 'Meters per second', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'm/h' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_SPEED, 'UnitName' => 'Meters per hour', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'm/hr' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_SPEED, 'UnitName' => 'Meters per hour', 'AllowPrefix' => true],
		'mph' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_SPEED, 'UnitName' => 'Miles per hour', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'admkn' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_SPEED, 'UnitName' => 'Admiralty Knot', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
		'kn' => ['Group' => self::CATEGORY_SPEED, 'UnitName' => 'Knot', 'AllowPrefix' => false],
	];

	/**
	 * Details of the Multiplier prefixes that can be used with Units of Measure in CONVERTUOM().
	 *
	 * @var array<string, array{multiplier: float, name: string}>
	 */
	private static array $conversionMultipliers = [
		'Y' => ['multiplier' => 1E24, 'name' => 'yotta'],
		'Z' => ['multiplier' => 1E21, 'name' => 'zetta'],
		'E' => ['multiplier' => 1E18, 'name' => 'exa'],
		'P' => ['multiplier' => 1E15, 'name' => 'peta'],
		'T' => ['multiplier' => 1E12, 'name' => 'tera'],
		'G' => ['multiplier' => 1E9, 'name' => 'giga'],
		'M' => ['multiplier' => 1E6, 'name' => 'mega'],
		'k' => ['multiplier' => 1E3, 'name' => 'kilo'],
		'h' => ['multiplier' => 1E2, 'name' => 'hecto'],
		'e' => ['multiplier' => 1E1, 'name' => 'dekao'],
		'da' => ['multiplier' => 1E1, 'name' => 'dekao'],
		'd' => ['multiplier' => 1E-1, 'name' => 'deci'],
		'c' => ['multiplier' => 1E-2, 'name' => 'centi'],
		'm' => ['multiplier' => 1E-3, 'name' => 'milli'],
		'u' => ['multiplier' => 1E-6, 'name' => 'micro'],
		'n' => ['multiplier' => 1E-9, 'name' => 'nano'],
		'p' => ['multiplier' => 1E-12, 'name' => 'pico'],
		'f' => ['multiplier' => 1E-15, 'name' => 'femto'],
		'a' => ['multiplier' => 1E-18, 'name' => 'atto'],
		'z' => ['multiplier' => 1E-21, 'name' => 'zepto'],
		'y' => ['multiplier' => 1E-24, 'name' => 'yocto'],
	];

	/**
	 * Details of the Multiplier prefixes that can be used with Units of Measure in CONVERTUOM().
	 *
	 * @var array<string, array{multiplier: float|int, name: string}>
	 */
	private static array $binaryConversionMultipliers = [
		'Yi' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 80, 'name' => 'yobi'],
		'Zi' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 70, 'name' => 'zebi'],
		'Ei' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 60, 'name' => 'exbi'],
		'Pi' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 50, 'name' => 'pebi'],
		'Ti' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 40, 'name' => 'tebi'],
		'Gi' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 30, 'name' => 'gibi'],
		'Mi' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 20, 'name' => 'mebi'],
		'ki' => ['multiplier' => 2 ** 10, 'name' => 'kibi'],
	];

	/**
	 * Details of the Units of measure conversion factors, organised by group.
	 *
	 * @var array<string, array<string, float>>
	 */
	private static array $unitConversions = [
		// Conversion uses gram (g) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_WEIGHT_AND_MASS => [
			'g' => 1.0,
			'sg' => 6.85217658567918E-05,
			'lbm' => 2.20462262184878E-03,
			'u' => 6.02214179421676E+23,
			'ozm' => 3.52739619495804E-02,
			'grain' => 1.54323583529414E+01,
			'cwt' => 2.20462262184878E-05,
			'shweight' => 2.20462262184878E-05,
			'uk_cwt' => 1.96841305522212E-05,
			'lcwt' => 1.96841305522212E-05,
			'hweight' => 1.96841305522212E-05,
			'stone' => 1.57473044417770E-04,
			'ton' => 1.10231131092439E-06,
			'uk_ton' => 9.84206527611061E-07,
			'LTON' => 9.84206527611061E-07,
			'brton' => 9.84206527611061E-07,
		],
		// Conversion uses meter (m) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_DISTANCE => [
			'm' => 1.0,
			'mi' => 6.21371192237334E-04,
			'Nmi' => 5.39956803455724E-04,
			'in' => 3.93700787401575E+01,
			'ft' => 3.28083989501312E+00,
			'yd' => 1.09361329833771E+00,
			'ang' => 1.0E+10,
			'ell' => 8.74890638670166E-01,
			'ly' => 1.05700083402462E-16,
			'parsec' => 3.24077928966473E-17,
			'pc' => 3.24077928966473E-17,
			'Pica' => 2.83464566929134E+03,
			'Picapt' => 2.83464566929134E+03,
			'pica' => 2.36220472440945E+02,
			'survey_mi' => 6.21369949494950E-04,
		],
		// Conversion uses second (s) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_TIME => [
			'yr' => 3.16880878140289E-08,
			'day' => 1.15740740740741E-05,
			'd' => 1.15740740740741E-05,
			'hr' => 2.77777777777778E-04,
			'mn' => 1.66666666666667E-02,
			'min' => 1.66666666666667E-02,
			'sec' => 1.0,
			's' => 1.0,
		],
		// Conversion uses Pascal (Pa) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_PRESSURE => [
			'Pa' => 1.0,
			'p' => 1.0,
			'atm' => 9.86923266716013E-06,
			'at' => 9.86923266716013E-06,
			'mmHg' => 7.50063755419211E-03,
			'psi' => 1.45037737730209E-04,
			'Torr' => 7.50061682704170E-03,
		],
		// Conversion uses Newton (N) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_FORCE => [
			'N' => 1.0,
			'dyn' => 1.0E+5,
			'dy' => 1.0E+5,
			'lbf' => 2.24808923655339E-01,
			'pond' => 1.01971621297793E+02,
		],
		// Conversion uses Joule (J) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_ENERGY => [
			'J' => 1.0,
			'e' => 9.99999519343231E+06,
			'c' => 2.39006249473467E-01,
			'cal' => 2.38846190642017E-01,
			'eV' => 6.24145700000000E+18,
			'ev' => 6.24145700000000E+18,
			'HPh' => 3.72506430801000E-07,
			'hh' => 3.72506430801000E-07,
			'Wh' => 2.77777916238711E-04,
			'wh' => 2.77777916238711E-04,
			'flb' => 2.37304222192651E+01,
			'BTU' => 9.47815067349015E-04,
			'btu' => 9.47815067349015E-04,
		],
		// Conversion uses Horsepower (HP) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_POWER => [
			'HP' => 1.0,
			'h' => 1.0,
			'W' => 7.45699871582270E+02,
			'w' => 7.45699871582270E+02,
			'PS' => 1.01386966542400E+00,
		],
		// Conversion uses Tesla (T) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_MAGNETISM => [
			'T' => 1.0,
			'ga' => 10000.0,
		],
		// Conversion uses litre (l) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_VOLUME => [
			'l' => 1.0,
			'L' => 1.0,
			'lt' => 1.0,
			'tsp' => 2.02884136211058E+02,
			'tspm' => 2.0E+02,
			'tbs' => 6.76280454036860E+01,
			'oz' => 3.38140227018430E+01,
			'cup' => 4.22675283773038E+00,
			'pt' => 2.11337641886519E+00,
			'us_pt' => 2.11337641886519E+00,
			'uk_pt' => 1.75975398639270E+00,
			'qt' => 1.05668820943259E+00,
			'uk_qt' => 8.79876993196351E-01,
			'gal' => 2.64172052358148E-01,
			'uk_gal' => 2.19969248299088E-01,
			'ang3' => 1.0E+27,
			'ang^3' => 1.0E+27,
			'barrel' => 6.28981077043211E-03,
			'bushel' => 2.83775932584017E-02,
			'in3' => 6.10237440947323E+01,
			'in^3' => 6.10237440947323E+01,
			'ft3' => 3.53146667214886E-02,
			'ft^3' => 3.53146667214886E-02,
			'ly3' => 1.18093498844171E-51,
			'ly^3' => 1.18093498844171E-51,
			'm3' => 1.0E-03,
			'm^3' => 1.0E-03,
			'mi3' => 2.39912758578928E-13,
			'mi^3' => 2.39912758578928E-13,
			'yd3' => 1.30795061931439E-03,
			'yd^3' => 1.30795061931439E-03,
			'Nmi3' => 1.57426214685811E-13,
			'Nmi^3' => 1.57426214685811E-13,
			'Pica3' => 2.27769904358706E+07,
			'Pica^3' => 2.27769904358706E+07,
			'Picapt3' => 2.27769904358706E+07,
			'Picapt^3' => 2.27769904358706E+07,
			'GRT' => 3.53146667214886E-04,
			'regton' => 3.53146667214886E-04,
			'MTON' => 8.82866668037215E-04,
		],
		// Conversion uses hectare (ha) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_AREA => [
			'ha' => 1.0,
			'uk_acre' => 2.47105381467165E+00,
			'us_acre' => 2.47104393046628E+00,
			'ang2' => 1.0E+24,
			'ang^2' => 1.0E+24,
			'ar' => 1.0E+02,
			'ft2' => 1.07639104167097E+05,
			'ft^2' => 1.07639104167097E+05,
			'in2' => 1.55000310000620E+07,
			'in^2' => 1.55000310000620E+07,
			'ly2' => 1.11725076312873E-28,
			'ly^2' => 1.11725076312873E-28,
			'm2' => 1.0E+04,
			'm^2' => 1.0E+04,
			'Morgen' => 4.0E+00,
			'mi2' => 3.86102158542446E-03,
			'mi^2' => 3.86102158542446E-03,
			'Nmi2' => 2.91553349598123E-03,
			'Nmi^2' => 2.91553349598123E-03,
			'Pica2' => 8.03521607043214E+10,
			'Pica^2' => 8.03521607043214E+10,
			'Picapt2' => 8.03521607043214E+10,
			'Picapt^2' => 8.03521607043214E+10,
			'yd2' => 1.19599004630108E+04,
			'yd^2' => 1.19599004630108E+04,
		],
		// Conversion uses bit (bit) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_INFORMATION => [
			'bit' => 1.0,
			'byte' => 0.125,
		],
		// Conversion uses Meters per Second (m/s) as an intermediate unit
		self::CATEGORY_SPEED => [
			'm/s' => 1.0,
			'm/sec' => 1.0,
			'm/h' => 3.60E+03,
			'm/hr' => 3.60E+03,
			'mph' => 2.23693629205440E+00,
			'admkn' => 1.94260256941567E+00,
			'kn' => 1.94384449244060E+00,
		],
	];

	/**
	 *    getConversionGroups
	 * Returns a list of the different conversion groups for UOM conversions.
	 *
	 * @return string[]
	 */
	public static function getConversionCategories(): array
	{
		$conversionGroups = [];
		foreach (self::$conversionUnits as $conversionUnit) {
			$conversionGroups[] = $conversionUnit['Group'];
		}

		return array_merge(array_unique($conversionGroups));
	}

	/**
	 *    getConversionGroupUnits
	 * Returns an array of units of measure, for a specified conversion group, or for all groups.
	 *
	 * @param ?string $category The group whose units of measure you want to retrieve
	 *
	 * @return string[][]
	 */
	public static function getConversionCategoryUnits(?string $category = null): array
	{
		$conversionGroups = [];
		foreach (self::$conversionUnits as $conversionUnit => $conversionGroup) {
			if (($category === null) || ($conversionGroup['Group'] == $category)) {
				$conversionGroups[$conversionGroup['Group']][] = $conversionUnit;
			}
		}

		return $conversionGroups;
	}

	/**
	 * getConversionGroupUnitDetails.
	 *
	 * @param ?string $category The group whose units of measure you want to retrieve
	 *
	 * @return array<string, list<array<string, string>>>
	 */
	public static function getConversionCategoryUnitDetails(?string $category = null): array
	{
		$conversionGroups = [];
		foreach (self::$conversionUnits as $conversionUnit => $conversionGroup) {
			if (($category === null) || ($conversionGroup['Group'] == $category)) {
				$conversionGroups[$conversionGroup['Group']][] = [
					'unit' => $conversionUnit,
					'description' => $conversionGroup['UnitName'],
				];
			}
		}

		return $conversionGroups;
	}

	/**
	 *    getConversionMultipliers
	 * Returns an array of the Multiplier prefixes that can be used with Units of Measure in CONVERTUOM().
	 *
	 * @return array<string, array{multiplier: float, name: string}>
	 */
	public static function getConversionMultipliers(): array
	{
		return self::$conversionMultipliers;
	}

	/**
	 *    getBinaryConversionMultipliers
	 * Returns an array of the additional Multiplier prefixes that can be used with Information Units of Measure in CONVERTUOM().
	 *
	 * @return array<string, array{multiplier: float|int, name: string}>
	 */
	public static function getBinaryConversionMultipliers(): array
	{
		return self::$binaryConversionMultipliers;
	}

	/**
	 * CONVERT.
	 *
	 * Converts a number from one measurement system to another.
	 *    For example, CONVERT can translate a table of distances in miles to a table of distances
	 * in kilometers.
	 *
	 *    Excel Function:
	 *        CONVERT(value,fromUOM,toUOM)
	 *
	 * @param array<mixed>|float|int|string $value the value in fromUOM to convert
	 *                      Or can be an array of values
	 * @param string|string[] $fromUOM the units for value
	 *                      Or can be an array of values
	 * @param string|string[] $toUOM the units for the result
	 *                      Or can be an array of values
	 *
	 * @return float|mixed[]|string Result, or a string containing an error
	 *         If an array of numbers is passed as an argument, then the returned result will also be an array
	 *            with the same dimensions
	 */
	public static function CONVERT($value, $fromUOM, $toUOM)
	{
		if (is_array($value) || is_array($fromUOM) || is_array($toUOM)) {
			return self::evaluateArrayArguments([self::class, __FUNCTION__], $value, $fromUOM, $toUOM);
		}

		if (!is_numeric($value)) {
			return ExcelError::VALUE();
		}

		try {
			[$fromUOM, $fromCategory, $fromMultiplier] = self::getUOMDetails($fromUOM);
			[$toUOM, $toCategory, $toMultiplier] = self::getUOMDetails($toUOM);
		} catch (Exception $exception) {
			return ExcelError::NA();
		}

		if ($fromCategory !== $toCategory) {
			return ExcelError::NA();
		}

		// @var float $value
		$value *= $fromMultiplier;

		if (($fromUOM === $toUOM) && ($fromMultiplier === $toMultiplier)) {
			//    We've already factored $fromMultiplier into the value, so we need
			//        to reverse it again
			return $value / $fromMultiplier;
		} elseif ($fromUOM === $toUOM) {
			return $value / $toMultiplier;
		} elseif ($fromCategory === self::CATEGORY_TEMPERATURE) {
			return self::convertTemperature($fromUOM, $toUOM, $value);
		}

		$baseValue = $value * (1.0 / self::$unitConversions[$fromCategory][$fromUOM]);

		return ($baseValue * self::$unitConversions[$fromCategory][$toUOM]) / $toMultiplier;
	}

	/** @return array{0: string, 1: string, 2: float} */
	private static function getUOMDetails(string $uom): array
	{
		if (isset(self::$conversionUnits[$uom])) {
			$unitCategory = self::$conversionUnits[$uom]['Group'];

			return [$uom, $unitCategory, 1.0];
		}

		// Check 1-character standard metric multiplier prefixes
		$multiplierType = substr($uom, 0, 1);
		$uom = (string) substr($uom, 1);
		if (isset(self::$conversionUnits[$uom], self::$conversionMultipliers[$multiplierType])) {
			if (self::$conversionUnits[$uom]['AllowPrefix'] === false) {
				throw new Exception('Prefix not allowed for UoM');
			}
			$unitCategory = self::$conversionUnits[$uom]['Group'];

			return [$uom, $unitCategory, self::$conversionMultipliers[$multiplierType]['multiplier']];
		}

		$multiplierType .= substr($uom, 0, 1);
		$uom = (string) substr($uom, 1);

		// Check 2-character standard metric multiplier prefixes
		if (isset(self::$conversionUnits[$uom], self::$conversionMultipliers[$multiplierType])) {
			if (self::$conversionUnits[$uom]['AllowPrefix'] === false) {
				throw new Exception('Prefix not allowed for UoM');
			}
			$unitCategory = self::$conversionUnits[$uom]['Group'];

			return [$uom, $unitCategory, self::$conversionMultipliers[$multiplierType]['multiplier']];
		}

		// Check 2-character binary multiplier prefixes
		if (isset(self::$conversionUnits[$uom], self::$binaryConversionMultipliers[$multiplierType])) {
			if (self::$conversionUnits[$uom]['AllowPrefix'] === false) {
				throw new Exception('Prefix not allowed for UoM');
			}
			$unitCategory = self::$conversionUnits[$uom]['Group'];
			if ($unitCategory !== 'Information') {
				throw new Exception('Binary Prefix is only allowed for Information UoM');
			}

			return [$uom, $unitCategory, self::$binaryConversionMultipliers[$multiplierType]['multiplier']];
		}

		throw new Exception('UoM Not Found');
	}

	/**
				 * @param float|int $value
				 * @return float|int
				 */
				protected static function convertTemperature(string $fromUOM, string $toUOM, $value)
	{
		$fromUOM = self::resolveTemperatureSynonyms($fromUOM);
		$toUOM = self::resolveTemperatureSynonyms($toUOM);

		if ($fromUOM === $toUOM) {
			return $value;
		}

		// Convert to Kelvin
		switch ($fromUOM) {
			case 'F':
				$value = ($value - 32) / 1.8 + 273.15;

				break;
			case 'C':
				$value += 273.15;

				break;
			case 'Rank':
				$value /= 1.8;

				break;
			case 'Reau':
				$value = $value * 1.25 + 273.15;

				break;
		}

		// Convert from Kelvin
		switch ($toUOM) {
			case 'F':
				$value = ($value - 273.15) * 1.8 + 32.00;

				break;
			case 'C':
				$value -= 273.15;

				break;
			case 'Rank':
				$value *= 1.8;

				break;
			case 'Reau':
				$value = ($value - 273.15) * 0.80000;

				break;
		}

		return $value;
	}

	private static function resolveTemperatureSynonyms(string $uom): string
	{
		switch ($uom) {
									case 'fah':
										return 'F';
									case 'cel':
										return 'C';
									case 'kel':
										return 'K';
									default:
										return $uom;
								}
	}
}

```