xspeed / includes / class-preloader.php

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1	<?php
2	/**
3	* Preloader — sitemap-driven cache warmer.
4	*
5	* On `start()`:
6	* 1. Fetches the configured sitemap (or auto-detects /wp-sitemap.xml).
7	* 2. Recursively follows nested sitemap indexes.
8	* 3. Filters URLs against the Cache module's excluded_urls list.
9	* 4. Queues the result in a transient.
10	* 5. Schedules the next WP-Cron tick.
11	*
12	* Each `tick()` processes up to `batch_size` URLs from the queue via
13	* `wp_remote_get()` (short timeout, sslverify off for local dev tolerance,
14	* a UA that flags itself so site owners can spot crawler traffic in
15	* access logs). Cache::should_cache() picks up the GET → writes the cache
16	* file on miss. The next visitor sees a HIT.
17	*
18	* State (transient `xspeed_preloader_state`):
19	* { running, started_at, finished_at, queue, processed, total,
20	* last_url, errors[] }
21	*
22	* Configuration comes from PreloaderModule's per-module option
23	* (xspeed_module_preloader) via Settings_Manager.
24	*
25	* @package XSpeed
26	*/
27
28	declare(strict_types=1);
29
30	namespace XSpeed;
31
32	defined( 'ABSPATH' ) \|\| exit;
33
34	final class Preloader {
35
36	public const STATE_KEY = 'xspeed_preloader_state';
37	public const STATE_TTL = 86400; // 24h — long enough for slow crawls.
38	public const CRON_HOOK = 'xspeed_preloader_tick';
39	public const USER_AGENT = 'xSpeed-Preloader/1.0 (+cache warmer; admin-initiated)';
40	public const REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 8;
41
42	/**
43	* Default cap on NEW remote images resolved per warmed page.
44	*
45	* A crawl warms the cache; it is not a licence to hit third-party hosts
46	* hundreds of times for one page.
47	*
48	* The cap counts only images whose dimensions are not already known, and
49	* results persist between runs — so each crawl advances through a heavily
50	* embedded page rather than re-picking the same first N. That is what
51	* makes a cap safe here: without the skip it would strand everything past
52	* the limit permanently, because images appear in the same DOM order
53	* every time.
54	*
55	* 20 is a starting point, not a measurement. Sites that embed more can
56	* raise it via `xspeed_preloader_remote_dimension_limit`.
57	*/
58	private const REMOTE_DIMENSION_LIMIT = 20;
59
60	/**
61	* How many new remote images one warmed page may resolve.
62	*/
63	private static function remote_dimension_limit(): int {
64	/**
65	* Filter the per-page cap on remote dimension lookups.
66	*
67	* @param int $limit Default 20. Values below 1 disable the lookup.
68	*/
69	return (int) apply_filters( 'xspeed_preloader_remote_dimension_limit', self::REMOTE_DIMENSION_LIMIT );
70	}
71
72	/**
73	* Why the top-level sitemap fetch failed on this request, or '' when it
74	* succeeded. Set by fetch_sitemap_urls(), read by resolve_queue() — the
75	* reason has to survive the return of an empty array, which is exactly
76	* what it could not do before. Request-scoped; never persisted. (#142)
77	*
78	* @var string
79	*/
80	private static $last_sitemap_error = '';
81
82	/**
83	* The sitemap URL the last error refers to. Kept beside the message so
84	* an error entry can carry a real `url` field like every other one,
85	* rather than repeating the URL already inside the message text.
86	*/
87	private static $last_sitemap_url = '';
88
89	/**
90	* How the queue for the current crawl was built — 'sitemap', 'fallback'
91	* (enumerated from the database because the sitemap was unreachable), or
92	* 'none'. Surfaced in the state so the panel, REST and CLI can each say
93	* what actually happened instead of reporting a bare zero. (#142)
94	*
95	* @var string
96	*/
97	private static $queue_source = 'none';
98
99	/** Largest number of URLs the database fallback will enumerate. */
100	private const FALLBACK_LIMIT = 500;
101
102	/**
103	* Kick off a fresh crawl. Returns the initial state.
104	*/
105	public static function start(): array {
106	$opts = Settings_Manager::get( 'preloader' );
107	$urls = self::resolve_queue( $opts );
108
109	// A crawl that queued nothing because the sitemap was unreachable is a
110	// FAILURE, and every layer above needs to be able to say so. It used
111	// to be indistinguishable from success: errors stayed empty, the REST
112	// route returned 200, and the CLI printed a green Success. (#142)
113	$sitemap_error = self::$last_sitemap_error;
114	$errors = array();
115	if ( '' !== $sitemap_error && empty( $urls ) ) {
116	// Same {url, error, ts} shape every other entry uses. A bare
117	// string here fataled `wp xspeed preloader status`, which
118	// destructures `$e['url']` over the list — and took the MCP
119	// `get_preloader_status` tool down with it, so an agent asking
120	// why the preload failed got "Cannot access offset of type
121	// string on string" instead of the reason this code records.
122	// `url` is the sitemap because that is what failed. (QA F1)
123	$errors[] = array(
124	'url' => self::$last_sitemap_url,
125	'error' => $sitemap_error,
126	'ts' => time(),
127	);
128	}
129
130	$state = array(
131	'running' => ! empty( $urls ),
132	'started_at' => time(),
133	'finished_at' => empty( $urls ) ? time() : 0,
134	'queue' => array_values( $urls ),
135	'processed' => 0,
136	'total' => count( $urls ),
137	'last_url' => '',
138	'errors' => $errors,
139	// Consumers render on these: the panel needs to distinguish
140	// "not started" from "ran and found nothing", and to tell the
141	// user when the queue came from the fallback rather than the
142	// sitemap they configured.
143	'source' => self::$queue_source,
144	'sitemap_error' => $sitemap_error,
145	);
146	set_transient( self::STATE_KEY, $state, self::STATE_TTL );
147
148	if ( '' !== $sitemap_error && 'fallback' === self::$queue_source ) {
149	$message = sprintf(
150	/* translators: 1: number of URLs, 2: the sitemap failure detail. */
151	__( 'Preloader queued %1$d URLs from the site content — %2$s', 'xspeed' ),
152	$state['total'],
153	$sitemap_error
154	);
155	$severity = Activity_Log::WARN;
156	} elseif ( '' !== $sitemap_error ) {
157	$message = sprintf(
158	/* translators: %s: the sitemap failure detail. */
159	__( 'Preloader could not start — %s', 'xspeed' ),
160	$sitemap_error
161	);
162	$severity = Activity_Log::WARN;
163	} else {
164	$message = sprintf(
165	/* translators: 1: number of URLs, 2: plural suffix. */
166	__( 'Preloader queued %1$d URL%2$s for warming.', 'xspeed' ),
167	$state['total'],
168	1 === $state['total'] ? '' : 's'
169	);
170	$severity = $state['total'] > 0 ? Activity_Log::INFO : Activity_Log::WARN;
171	}
172	Activity_Log::record( 'preloader_started', $message, $severity );
173
174	// Schedule the first tick ~5 seconds out so the kick-off REST call
175	// returns instantly; wp_schedule_single_event covers the
176	// "process the queue ASAP" path without a heavy synchronous loop.
177	if ( $state['running'] ) {
178	wp_schedule_single_event( time() + 5, self::CRON_HOOK );
179	}
180
181	return $state;
182	}
183
184	/**
185	* Cancel an in-flight crawl. Idempotent.
186	*/
187	public static function stop(): array {
188	$state = self::status();
189	if ( $state['running'] ) {
190	Activity_Log::record(
191	'preloader_stopped',
192	sprintf( 'Preloader stopped (%d/%d URLs warmed).', $state['processed'], $state['total'] ),
193	Activity_Log::INFO
194	);
195	}
196
197	// Clear scheduled ticks.
198	wp_clear_scheduled_hook( self::CRON_HOOK );
199
200	$state['running'] = false;
201	$state['finished_at'] = time();
202	$state['queue'] = array();
203	set_transient( self::STATE_KEY, $state, self::STATE_TTL );
204	return $state;
205	}
206
207	public static function status(): array {
208	$raw = get_transient( self::STATE_KEY );
209	if ( ! is_array( $raw ) ) {
210	return self::empty_state();
211	}
212	return wp_parse_args( $raw, self::empty_state() );
213	}
214
215	private static function empty_state(): array {
216	return array(
217	'running' => false,
218	'started_at' => 0,
219	'finished_at' => 0,
220	'queue' => array(),
221	'processed' => 0,
222	'total' => 0,
223	'last_url' => '',
224	'errors' => array(),
225	);
226	}
227
228	/**
229	* Tick handler — pulls up to batch_size URLs off the queue, warms
230	* each, persists state, and reschedules itself until the queue is
231	* empty. Called via the xspeed_preloader_tick action.
232	*/
233	public static function tick(): void {
234	$state = self::status();
235	if ( ! $state['running'] \|\| empty( $state['queue'] ) ) {
236	if ( $state['running'] ) {
237	self::mark_complete( $state );
238	}
239	return;
240	}
241
242	$opts = Settings_Manager::get( 'preloader' );
243	$batch = max( 1, min( 50, (int) ( $opts['batch_size'] ?? 5 ) ) );
244
245	$processed_this_tick = 0;
246	while ( $processed_this_tick < $batch && ! empty( $state['queue'] ) ) {
247	$url = array_shift( $state['queue'] );
248	self::warm_url( $url, $state );
249	$state['processed']++;
250	$state['last_url'] = $url;
251	$processed_this_tick++;
252	}
253
254	if ( empty( $state['queue'] ) ) {
255	self::mark_complete( $state );
256	return;
257	}
258
259	// More to do — persist + reschedule. Slight delay to avoid
260	// hammering the origin with parallel batches.
261	set_transient( self::STATE_KEY, $state, self::STATE_TTL );
262	wp_schedule_single_event( time() + 10, self::CRON_HOOK );
263	}
264
265	/**
266	* Fire a single warm request for one URL with no queue / no cron
267	* (the "content warmer" path: new post published → warm its URL
268	* immediately). Records an activity event so the user can see in
269	* the Health log that warming happened.
270	*
271	* Best-effort and non-blocking-feeling — uses a short timeout so a
272	* dead origin can't hang the calling request. Returns true if the
273	* fetch completed with a non-error status, false otherwise.
274	*/
275	public static function warm_one( string $url, string $cause = 'manual' ): bool {
276	if ( '' === $url ) {
277	return false;
278	}
279	$response = wp_remote_get(
280	$url,
281	array(
282	'timeout' => self::REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
283	'sslverify' => false,
284	'user-agent' => self::USER_AGENT,
285	'blocking' => true,
286	)
287	);
288	if ( is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
289	Activity_Log::record(
290	'preloader_warm_failed',
291	sprintf( 'Warm %s failed (%s): %s', $cause, $url, $response->get_error_message() ),
292	Activity_Log::WARN
293	);
294	return false;
295	}
296	$code = (int) wp_remote_retrieve_response_code( $response );
297	if ( $code >= 400 ) {
298	Activity_Log::record(
299	'preloader_warm_failed',
300	sprintf( 'Warm %s failed (%s): HTTP %d', $cause, $url, $code ),
301	Activity_Log::WARN
302	);
303	return false;
304	}
305	Activity_Log::record(
306	'preloader_warmed_one',
307	sprintf( 'Warmed %s (%s)', $url, $cause ),
308	Activity_Log::INFO
309	);
310	return true;
311	}
312
313	private static function warm_url( string $url, array &$state ): void {
314	$response = wp_remote_get(
315	$url,
316	array(
317	'timeout' => self::REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
318	'sslverify' => false,
319	'user-agent' => self::USER_AGENT,
320	'headers' => array(
321	'Accept' => 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml',
322	),
323	'blocking' => true,
324	)
325	);
326	if ( is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
327	$state['errors'][] = array(
328	'url' => $url,
329	'error' => $response->get_error_message(),
330	'ts' => time(),
331	);
332	// Cap retained errors so a broken sitemap doesn't blow the
333	// transient size.
334	$state['errors'] = array_slice( $state['errors'], -20 );
335	return;
336	}
337	$code = (int) wp_remote_retrieve_response_code( $response );
338	if ( $code >= 400 ) {
339	$state['errors'][] = array(
340	'url' => $url,
341	'error' => sprintf( 'HTTP %d', $code ),
342	'ts' => time(),
343	);
344	$state['errors'] = array_slice( $state['errors'], -20 );
345	return;
346	}
347
348	self::warm_remote_dimensions( (string) wp_remote_retrieve_body( $response ) );
349	}
350
351	/**
352	* Resolve dimensions for externally hosted images found on a warmed page.
353	*
354	* The crawl already has the HTML in hand, so harvesting image URLs from it
355	* costs nothing extra — and this is the one place where paying for a
356	* remote lookup is free of consequence, because no visitor is waiting.
357	*
358	* An image on another domain has no local file to measure, so the front
359	* end skips it and the page ships without width/height — which is layout
360	* shift, on precisely the sites least able to fix it by hand (a CDN, a
361	* sister site, a shared asset host). Warming here means the NEXT render
362	* finds the dimensions in cache and stamps them, with the visitor paying
363	* nothing.
364	*
365	* Deliberately bounded per page: a crawl should not turn into a scraper
366	* for a page embedding hundreds of third-party images.
367	*
368	* @param string $html The warmed page's HTML.
369	*/
370	private static function warm_remote_dimensions( string $html ): void {
371	if ( '' === $html \|\| ! class_exists( '\XSpeed\Lazy_Loader' ) ) {
372	return;
373	}
374
375	$opts = Settings_Manager::get( 'lazy' );
376	if ( empty( $opts['add_missing_dimensions'] ) ) {
377	return;
378	}
379
380	if ( ! preg_match_all( '#<img\b[^>]\bsrc\s=\s["\']([^"\']+)["\'][^>]>#i', $html, $m, PREG_SET_ORDER ) ) {
381	return;
382	}
383
384	$home = wp_parse_url( home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
385	$targets = array();
386	foreach ( $m as $tag ) {
387	// Only tags MISSING a dimension are worth resolving — one that
388	// already declares both needs nothing.
389	if ( preg_match( '#\bwidth\s=#i', $tag[0] ) && preg_match( '#\bheight\s=#i', $tag[0] ) ) {
390	continue;
391	}
392	$src = $tag[1];
393	if ( ! preg_match( '#^https?://#i', $src ) ) {
394	continue;
395	}
396	$host = wp_parse_url( $src, PHP_URL_HOST );
397	if ( ! $host \|\| $host === $home ) {
398	continue; // Local images already resolve from disk.
399	}
400	// Already resolved (or already known unresolvable) — looking it up
401	// again costs a request and teaches us nothing. Skipping it is
402	// also what makes the cap below advance: images appear in the same
403	// DOM order every crawl, so a collector that did not skip would
404	// re-pick the same first N for ever and never reach the rest.
405	if ( Lazy_Loader::dimensions_known( $src ) ) {
406	continue;
407	}
408	$targets[ $src ] = true;
409	if ( count( $targets ) >= self::remote_dimension_limit() ) {
410	break;
411	}
412	}
413
414	if ( $targets ) {
415	Lazy_Loader::warm_dimensions( array_keys( $targets ) );
416	}
417	}
418
419	private static function mark_complete( array $state ): void {
420	$state['running'] = false;
421	$state['finished_at'] = time();
422	$state['queue'] = array();
423	set_transient( self::STATE_KEY, $state, self::STATE_TTL );
424
425	Activity_Log::record(
426	'preloader_completed',
427	sprintf(
428	'Preloader finished — %d/%d URLs warmed, %d error%s.',
429	$state['processed'],
430	$state['total'],
431	count( $state['errors'] ),
432	1 === count( $state['errors'] ) ? '' : 's'
433	),
434	empty( $state['errors'] ) ? Activity_Log::SUCCESS : Activity_Log::WARN
435	);
436	}
437
438	/**
439	* Build the URL queue for a fresh crawl: parse the sitemap, follow
440	* nested indexes, drop excluded paths.
441	*
442	* @return string[]
443	*/
444	private static function resolve_queue( array $opts ): array {
445	// Request-scoped statics: reset so a previous crawl in the same
446	// process can't leak its verdict into this one.
447	self::$last_sitemap_error = '';
448	self::$last_sitemap_url = '';
449	self::$queue_source = 'none';
450
451	$sitemap = trim( (string) ( $opts['sitemap_url'] ?? '' ) );
452	if ( '' === $sitemap ) {
453	$sitemap = home_url( '/wp-sitemap.xml' );
454	}
455
456	$urls = self::fetch_sitemap_urls( $sitemap, 0 );
457	$from = empty( $urls ) ? 'none' : 'sitemap';
458
459	/*
460	* A missing sitemap must not disable the feature. Two very common
461	* setups produce one with no misconfiguration by the user:
462	* `blog_public = 0` (WordPress disables /wp-sitemap.xml outright,
463	* standard on staging and pre-launch sites), and an SEO plugin
464	* filtering `wp_sitemaps_enabled` to false while serving its own
465	* sitemap at a path we were never told about.
466	*
467	* Enumerate warmable URLs straight from the database instead. Only
468	* on a genuine fetch FAILURE — a sitemap that is reachable and
469	* legitimately empty is a real answer, and silently crawling
470	* something else would be worse than doing nothing. (#142)
471	*/
472	if ( empty( $urls ) && '' !== self::$last_sitemap_error ) {
473	$urls = self::fallback_urls();
474	$from = empty( $urls ) ? 'none' : 'fallback';
475	}
476
477	$cache_opts = Settings_Manager::get( 'cache' );
478	$excluded = is_array( $cache_opts['excluded_urls'] ?? null ) ? $cache_opts['excluded_urls'] : array();
479	if ( ! empty( $excluded ) ) {
480	$urls = array_filter(
481	$urls,
482	static function ( $u ) use ( $excluded ) {
483	$path = (string) wp_parse_url( $u, PHP_URL_PATH );
484	foreach ( $excluded as $needle ) {
485	if ( '' !== $needle && false !== strpos( $path, (string) $needle ) ) {
486	return false;
487	}
488	}
489	return true;
490	}
491	);
492	}
493
494	// Dedup + cap at 5000 to bound the transient size on huge sites.
495	$urls = array_values( array_unique( $urls ) );
496	$urls = array_slice( $urls, 0, 5000 );
497
498	/*
499	* Commit the verdict only now, AFTER the exclusion filter — the
500	* source describes what we ACTUALLY queued, not what we hoped to.
501	* Setting it earlier let a queue that the exclusions stripped to
502	* nothing still claim `fallback`, so the panel announced "Warmed
503	* from site content" over 0 URLs, and `crawlFailed` (which needs
504	* source !== 'fallback' at total 0) could never become true.
505	* One assignment fixes both. (QA F2/F3 on #155)
506	*/
507	self::$queue_source = empty( $urls ) ? 'none' : $from;
508
509	return $urls;
510	}
511
512	/**
513	* Enumerate warmable URLs from the database, for sites whose sitemap
514	* can't be fetched. Deliberately modest in scope: the home page, then
515	* the most recently modified public posts across every public post type.
516	* Newest-first is the right bias — those are the URLs most likely to be
517	* requested and least likely to be warm already.
518	*
519	* Uses WP_Query rather than SQL so post-type registration, status
520	* handling and multisite switching all behave the way the rest of
521	* WordPress does.
522	*
523	* @return string[]
524	*/
525	private static function fallback_urls(): array {
526	$urls = array();
527	$home = (string) home_url( '/' );
528	if ( '' !== trim( $home, '/' ) ) {
529	$urls[] = $home;
530	}
531
532	$types = get_post_types(
533	array(
534	'public' => true,
535	'publicly_queryable' => true,
536	)
537	);
538	// `page` is public but not publicly_queryable, so the query above
539	// misses it — and pages are exactly what a warm cache wants most.
540	// Only add it when the site has post types at all: an empty list
541	// means there is nothing to enumerate, and constructing a WP_Query
542	// for it would be wasted work.
543	if ( ! empty( $types ) ) {
544	$types['page'] = 'page';
545	unset( $types['attachment'] );
546	}
547
548	if ( empty( $types ) \|\| ! class_exists( '\WP_Query' ) ) {
549	return $urls;
550	}
551
552	$query = new \WP_Query(
553	array(
554	'post_type' => array_values( $types ),
555	'post_status' => 'publish',
556	'posts_per_page' => self::FALLBACK_LIMIT,
557	'orderby' => 'modified',
558	'order' => 'DESC',
559	'ignore_sticky_posts' => true,
560	'no_found_rows' => true,
561	'update_post_meta_cache' => false,
562	'update_post_term_cache' => false,
563	'fields' => 'ids',
564	)
565	);
566
567	foreach ( $query->posts as $post_id ) {
568	$permalink = get_permalink( (int) $post_id );
569	if ( is_string( $permalink ) && '' !== $permalink ) {
570	$urls[] = $permalink;
571	}
572	}
573
574	return array_values( array_unique( $urls ) );
575	}
576
577	/**
578	* Recursive sitemap parser. Depth-limited to 3 so a maliciously
579	* deep index can't stack-overflow.
580	*/
581	private static function fetch_sitemap_urls( string $sitemap_url, int $depth ): array {
582	if ( $depth > 3 ) {
583	return array();
584	}
585	$res = wp_remote_get(
586	$sitemap_url,
587	array(
588	'timeout' => self::REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
589	'sslverify' => false,
590	'user-agent' => self::USER_AGENT,
591	)
592	);
593	if ( is_wp_error( $res ) ) {
594	// Record WHY, don't just vanish. "Unreachable" and "valid but
595	// empty" both used to collapse into an empty array here, which is
596	// what made a sitemap-less site look like a successful crawl of
597	// zero URLs. Only the top-level fetch is recorded: a nested index
598	// failing is a partial result, not a dead crawl. (#142)
599	if ( 0 === $depth ) {
600	self::$last_sitemap_error = sprintf(
601	/* translators: 1: sitemap URL, 2: error detail. */
602	__( 'Could not fetch the sitemap at %1$s — %2$s', 'xspeed' ),
603	$sitemap_url,
604	$res->get_error_message()
605	);
606	self::$last_sitemap_url = (string) $sitemap_url;
607	}
608	return array();
609	}
610	$code = (int) wp_remote_retrieve_response_code( $res );
611	if ( $code >= 400 ) {
612	if ( 0 === $depth ) {
613	self::$last_sitemap_error = sprintf(
614	/* translators: 1: sitemap URL, 2: HTTP status code. */
615	__( 'Could not fetch the sitemap at %1$s — the server returned HTTP %2$d.', 'xspeed' ),
616	$sitemap_url,
617	$code
618	);
619	self::$last_sitemap_url = (string) $sitemap_url;
620	}
621	return array();
622	}
623	$body = (string) wp_remote_retrieve_body( $res );
624	if ( '' === $body ) {
625	return array();
626	}
627
628	$urls = array();
629	// Sitemap index → recurse.
630	if ( false !== strpos( $body, '<sitemapindex' ) ) {
631	if ( preg_match_all( '#<loc>([^<]+)</loc>#i', $body, $matches ) ) {
632	foreach ( $matches[1] as $child ) {
633	$urls = array_merge( $urls, self::fetch_sitemap_urls( trim( $child ), $depth + 1 ) );
634	}
635	}
636	return $urls;
637	}
638	// URL set → collect.
639	if ( preg_match_all( '#<loc>([^<]+)</loc>#i', $body, $matches ) ) {
640	foreach ( $matches[1] as $u ) {
641	$u = trim( $u );
642	if ( '' !== $u && false !== filter_var( $u, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL ) ) {
643	$urls[] = $u;
644	}
645	}
646	}
647	return $urls;
648	}
649
650	/**
651	* Apply the user's schedule choice. Called on settings change.
652	* Manual = no cron schedule (user must hit "Start now" to crawl).
653	*/
654	public static function apply_schedule( string $schedule ): void {
655	wp_clear_scheduled_hook( 'xspeed_preloader_recurring' );
656	if ( in_array( $schedule, array( 'hourly', 'daily', 'weekly' ), true ) ) {
657	if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'xspeed_preloader_recurring' ) ) {
658	wp_schedule_event( time() + 60, $schedule, 'xspeed_preloader_recurring' );
659	}
660	}
661	}
662
663	/**
664	* Recurring schedule hook handler — fires per the user's chosen
665	* cadence and kicks off a fresh crawl unless one is already running.
666	*/
667	public static function recurring_kickoff(): void {
668	$state = self::status();
669	if ( $state['running'] ) {
670	return;
671	}
672	self::start();
673	}
674	}
675