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Nonce.php

202 lines

1	<?php
2
3	/**
4	* Matomo - free/libre analytics platform
5	*
6	* @link https://matomo.org
7	* @license https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPL v3 or later
8	*/
9	namespace Piwik;
10
11	use Piwik\Session\SessionNamespace;
12	/**
13	* Nonce class.
14	*
15	* A cryptographic nonce -- "number used only once" -- is often recommended as
16	* part of a robust defense against cross-site request forgery (CSRF/XSRF). This
17	* class provides static methods that create and manage nonce values.
18	*
19	* Nonces in Piwik are stored as a session variable and have a configurable expiration.
20	*
21	* Learn more about nonces [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce).
22	*
23	* @api
24	*/
25	class Nonce
26	{
27	/**
28	* Returns an existing nonce by ID. If none exists, a new nonce will be generated.
29	*
30	* @param string $id Unique id to avoid namespace conflicts, e.g., `'ModuleName.ActionName'`.
31	* @param int $ttl Optional time-to-live in seconds; default is 5 minutes. (ie, in 5 minutes,
32	* the nonce will no longer be valid).
33	* @return string
34	*/
35	public static function getNonce($id, $ttl = 600)
36	{
37	// save session-dependent nonce
38	$ns = new SessionNamespace($id);
39	$nonce = $ns->nonce;
40	// re-use an unexpired nonce (a small deviation from the "used only once" principle, so long as we do not reset the expiration)
41	// to handle browser pre-fetch or double fetch caused by some browser add-ons/extensions
42	if (empty($nonce)) {
43	// generate a new nonce
44	$nonce = md5(\Piwik\SettingsPiwik::getSalt() . time() . \Piwik\Common::generateUniqId());
45	$ns->nonce = $nonce;
46	}
47	// extend lifetime if nonce is requested again to prevent from early timeout if nonce is requested again
48	// a few seconds before timeout
49	$ns->setExpirationSeconds($ttl, 'nonce');
50	return $nonce;
51	}
52	/**
53	* Returns if a nonce is valid and comes from a valid request.
54	*
55	* A nonce is valid if it matches the current nonce and if the current nonce
56	* has not expired.
57	*
58	* The request is valid if the referrer is a local URL (see {@link Url::isLocalUrl()})
59	* and if the HTTP origin is valid (see {@link getAcceptableOrigins()}).
60	*
61	* @param string $id The nonce's unique ID. See {@link getNonce()}.
62	* @param string $cnonce Nonce sent from client.
63	* @param null\|string $allowedReferrerHost The allowed referrer host for the HTTP referrer URL.
64	* @return bool `true` if valid; `false` otherwise.
65	*/
66	public static function verifyNonce($id, $cnonce, $allowedReferrerHost = null)
67	{
68	// load error with message function.
69	$error = self::verifyNonceWithErrorMessage($id, $cnonce, $allowedReferrerHost);
70	return $error === "";
71	}
72	/**
73	* Returns an error message, if any of the individual checks fails.
74	*
75	* A nonce must match the current nonce and must not be expired.
76	*
77	* If a referrer is present, it must match $allowedReferrerHost. The exception is a referrer that resolves to local,
78	* which is allowed if $allowedReferrerHost is empty.
79	* If a referrer is not present, then $allowedReferrerHost is ignored.
80	*
81	* The HTTP origin must be valid (see {@link getAcceptableOrigins()}).
82	*
83	* @param string $id The nonce's unique ID. See {@link getNonce()}.
84	* @param string $cnonce Nonce sent from client.
85	* @param string\|null $allowedReferrerHost The allowed referrer for the HTTP referrer URL. See method description.
86	* @return string if empty is valid otherwise return error message
87	*/
88	public static function verifyNonceWithErrorMessage($id, $cnonce, $allowedReferrerHost = null)
89	{
90	$ns = new SessionNamespace($id);
91	$nonce = $ns->nonce;
92	$additionalErrors = '';
93	// The Session cookie is set to a secure cookie, when SSL is mis-configured, it can cause the PHP session cookie ID to change on each page view.
94	// Indicate to user how to solve this particular use case by forcing secure connections.
95	if (\Piwik\Url::isSecureConnectionAssumedByPiwikButNotForcedYet()) {
96	$additionalErrors = '<br/><br/>' . \Piwik\Piwik::translate('Login_InvalidNonceSSLMisconfigured', [\Piwik\Url::getExternalLinkTag('https://matomo.org/faq/how-to/faq_91/'), '</a>', 'config/config.ini.php', '<pre>force_ssl=1</pre>', '<pre>[General]</pre>']);
97	}
98	// validate token
99	if (empty($cnonce) \|\| $cnonce !== $nonce) {
100	return \Piwik\Piwik::translate('Login_InvalidNonceToken');
101	}
102	// Validate referrer if present
103	$referrer = \Piwik\Url::getReferrer();
104	if (!empty($referrer)) {
105	// Allow the instance host by default, if no allowedReferrerHost is specified.
106	if (empty($allowedReferrerHost) && !\Piwik\Url::isLocalUrl($referrer)) {
107	return \Piwik\Piwik::translate('Login_InvalidNonceReferrer', [\Piwik\Url::getExternalLinkTag('https://matomo.org/faq/how-to-install/faq_98'), '</a>']) . $additionalErrors;
108	}
109	// Test that referrer matches what is allowed.
110	if (!empty($allowedReferrerHost) && !self::isReferrerHostValid($referrer, $allowedReferrerHost)) {
111	return \Piwik\Piwik::translate('Login_InvalidNonceUnexpectedReferrer') . $additionalErrors;
112	}
113	}
114	// validate origin
115	$origin = self::getOrigin();
116	if (!empty($origin) && ($origin == 'null' \|\| !in_array($origin, self::getAcceptableOrigins()))) {
117	return \Piwik\Piwik::translate('Login_InvalidNonceOrigin') . $additionalErrors;
118	}
119	return '';
120	}
121	// public for tests
122	public static function isReferrerHostValid($referrer, $allowedReferrerHost)
123	{
124	if (empty($referrer)) {
125	return \false;
126	}
127	$referrerHost = \Piwik\Url::getHostFromUrl($referrer);
128	return preg_match('/(^\|\\.)' . preg_quote($allowedReferrerHost) . '$/i', $referrerHost);
129	}
130	/**
131	* Force expiration of the current nonce.
132	*
133	* @param string $id The unique nonce ID.
134	*/
135	public static function discardNonce($id)
136	{
137	$ns = new SessionNamespace($id);
138	$ns->unsetAll();
139	}
140	/**
141	* Returns the Origin HTTP header or `false` if not found.
142	*
143	* @return string\|bool
144	*/
145	public static function getOrigin()
146	{
147	if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_ORIGIN'])) {
148	return $_SERVER['HTTP_ORIGIN'];
149	}
150	return \false;
151	}
152	/**
153	* Returns a list acceptable values for the HTTP Origin header.
154	*
155	* @return array
156	*/
157	public static function getAcceptableOrigins()
158	{
159	$host = \Piwik\Url::getCurrentHost(null);
160	if (empty($host)) {
161	return array();
162	}
163	// parse host:port
164	if (preg_match('/^([^:]+):([0-9]+)$/D', $host, $matches)) {
165	$host = $matches[1];
166	$port = $matches[2];
167	$origins = array('http://' . $host, 'https://' . $host);
168	if ($port != 443) {
169	$origins[] = 'http://' . $host . ':' . $port;
170	}
171	$origins[] = 'https://' . $host . ':' . $port;
172	} elseif (\Piwik\Config::getInstance()->General['force_ssl']) {
173	$origins = array('https://' . $host, 'https://' . $host . ':443');
174	} else {
175	$origins = array('http://' . $host, 'https://' . $host, 'http://' . $host . ':80', 'https://' . $host . ':443');
176	}
177	return $origins;
178	}
179	/**
180	* Verifies and discards a nonce.
181	*
182	* @param string $nonceName The nonce's unique ID. See {@link getNonce()}.
183	* @param string\|null $nonce The nonce from the client. If `null`, the value from the
184	* nonce query parameter is used.
185	* @throws \Exception if the nonce is invalid. See {@link verifyNonce()}.
186	*/
187	public static function checkNonce($nonceName, $nonce = null, $allowedReferrerHost = null)
188	{
189	if ($nonce === null) {
190	$nonce = \Piwik\Common::getRequestVar('nonce', null, 'string');
191	}
192	if (!self::verifyNonce($nonceName, $nonce, $allowedReferrerHost)) {
193	if (!empty($nonce)) {
194	self::discardNonce($nonceName);
195	// Invalidate nonce on failed attempts
196	}
197	throw new \Exception(\Piwik\Piwik::translate('General_ExceptionSecurityCheckFailed'));
198	}
199	self::discardNonce($nonceName);
200	}
201	}
202