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Vigilant – 100% Free Security Suite: Firewall, 2FA, Login, Headers, Scanner… / 2.11.10
Vigilant – 100% Free Security Suite: Firewall, 2FA, Login, Headers, Scanner… v2.11.10
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vigilante / includes / class-settings.php

class-settings.php in Vigilant – 100% Free Security Suite: Firewall, 2FA, Login, Headers, Scanner… 2.11.10, at includes/class-settings.php

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1 <?php
2 /**
3 * Settings Class
4 *
5 * Centralized settings management with default values
6 *
7 * @package Vigilante
8 */
9
10 // Prevent direct access
11 if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
12 exit;
13 }
14
15 /**
16 * Class Vigilante_Settings
17 *
18 * Handles all plugin settings with defaults, getters and setters
19 */
20 class Vigilante_Settings {
21
22 /**
23 * Option name in database
24 */
25 const OPTION_NAME = 'vigilante_options';
26
27 /**
28 * Cached options
29 *
30 * @var array|null
31 */
32 private $options = null;
33
34 /**
35 * Default options structure
36 *
37 * @var array
38 */
39 private $defaults;
40
41 /**
42 * Constructor
43 */
44 public function __construct() {
45 $this->defaults = $this->get_default_options();
46 }
47
48 /**
49 * Get all default options
50 *
51 * @return array Complete default options array
52 */
53 public function get_default_options() {
54 return array(
55 // Module toggles - 8 modules that match tabs
56 'modules' => array(
57 'firewall' => true,
58 'security_headers' => true,
59 'login_security' => true,
60 'rest_api_security'=> true,
61 'user_security' => true,
62 'wp_hardening' => true,
63 'file_integrity' => true,
64 'activity_log' => true,
65 ),
66
67 // Firewall settings (includes htaccess, rate limiting, file protection)
68 'firewall' => array(
69 // Request filtering (PHP-based)
70 'block_bad_query_strings' => true,
71 'block_sql_injection' => true,
72 'block_xss_attacks' => true,
73 'block_file_inclusion' => true,
74 'block_directory_traversal' => true,
75
76 // Bot protection
77 'block_bad_bots' => true,
78 'block_empty_user_agent' => false,
79
80 // Rate limiting
81 'rate_limiting' => array(
82 'enabled' => true,
83 'requests_per_minute' => 120,
84 'block_duration' => 300,
85 'progressive' => false,
86 'max_block_duration' => 86400,
87 ),
88
89 // IP management
90 'ip_whitelist' => array(),
91 'ip_blacklist' => array(),
92
93 // Proxy / CDN: forwarded header to trust for the visitor IP.
94 // Empty = trust only REMOTE_ADDR (the real connection, unspoofable).
95 'trusted_proxy_header' => '',
96
97 // Proxy / CDN: IPs or CIDR ranges the forwarded header is accepted
98 // from. Empty = accept it only from your own network, and, for
99 // CF-Connecting-IP, Cloudflare's own ranges. Since 2.11.9, so a
100 // header cannot be forged by a visitor reaching the origin directly.
101 'trusted_proxies' => array(),
102
103 // User-Agent management
104 'ua_whitelist' => array(),
105 'ua_blacklist' => array(),
106
107 // File protection (htaccess-based)
108 'disable_directory_browsing' => true,
109 'protect_wp_config' => true,
110 'protect_wp_includes' => true,
111 'protect_uploads_php' => true,
112 'protect_sensitive_files' => true,
113 // Off by default — only safe when host has a real server-side cron job
114 // calling wp-cron.php; otherwise scheduled tasks stop running silently.
115 'protect_wp_cron' => false,
116 'block_php_in_plugins' => false,
117 'block_php_in_themes' => false,
118 'limit_http_methods' => true,
119 // All methods needed for WordPress core, Gutenberg, REST API, and page builders
120 'allowed_http_methods' => array( 'GET', 'POST', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE' ),
121 ),
122
123 // Security Headers settings (includes HTTPS enforcer)
124 'security_headers' => array(
125 'enabled' => true,
126
127 // Basic headers
128 'x_frame_options' => 'SAMEORIGIN',
129 'x_content_type_options' => true,
130 'referrer_policy' => 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin',
131
132 // HSTS
133 'hsts' => array(
134 'enabled' => false,
135 'max_age' => 31536000,
136 'include_subdomains' => false,
137 'preload' => false,
138 ),
139
140 // Permissions Policy
141 'permissions_policy' => array(
142 'enabled' => true,
143 'geolocation' => '()',
144 'microphone' => '()',
145 'camera' => '()',
146 'payment' => '(self)',
147 'usb' => '()',
148 ),
149
150 // CSP - WordPress/Gutenberg compatible defaults
151 // Note: blob: is required in frame-src and worker-src for the block editor,
152 // and in connect-src for the client-side media processing WordPress 7.1
153 // introduced: @wordpress/vips puts its WebAssembly binary in a blob: URL and
154 // fetches it, and fetch() is governed by connect-src, where 'self' does not
155 // cover blob:. Without it the editor cannot process images before upload.
156 'csp' => array(
157 'enabled' => true,
158 'report_only' => false,
159 'report_uri' => '',
160 'directives' => array(
161 'default-src' => "'self'",
162 'script-src' => "'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https:",
163 'style-src' => "'self' 'unsafe-inline' https:",
164 'img-src' => "'self' data: https: blob:",
165 'font-src' => "'self' data: https:",
166 'connect-src' => "'self' https: wss: blob:",
167 'media-src' => "'self' https: blob:",
168 'frame-src' => "'self' https: blob:",
169 'frame-ancestors' => "'self'",
170 'base-uri' => "'self'",
171 'form-action' => "'self' https:",
172 'object-src' => "'none'",
173 'worker-src' => "'self' blob:",
174 'upgrade-insecure-requests'=> true,
175 ),
176 ),
177
178 // Cross-origin policies
179 'cross_origin_policies' => array(
180 'embedder_policy' => 'unsafe-none',
181 'opener_policy' => 'same-origin-allow-popups',
182 'resource_policy' => 'cross-origin',
183 ),
184
185 // HTTPS Enforcer (moved from separate module)
186 //
187 // force_https rewrites siteurl/home to https on activation, so it
188 // ships off: a site without working HTTPS would end up pointing at
189 // an address that does not answer. It is an opt-in decision per
190 // site, made from the Security Headers tab. Sites whose URLs a
191 // previous version already rewrote keep them; nothing reverts them.
192 'force_https' => false,
193 // Off by default for the same reason as force_https above: the
194 // plugin does not decide that a site is on HTTPS. It only
195 // redirects when the site's own home URL already says https, so
196 // shipping it on was harmless in practice, but it is still a
197 // decision that belongs to the site owner, not to us. Sites that
198 // already have it on keep it.
199 'redirect_http_to_https' => false,
200 // Rewrites http:// URLs of this same site to https://, and only
201 // on a site already served over HTTPS, so it cannot reach a third
202 // party and cannot make a resource fail. It still ships off: a
203 // setting whose own description says it rewrites http to https
204 // does not belong in the factory configuration of a plugin that
205 // deliberately does not decide whether a site is on HTTPS. Every
206 // https-related setting here is the owner's call, and this one is
207 // one click away for anyone who has just migrated and wants their
208 // old content rewritten.
209 'fix_mixed_content' => false,
210 // The Content-Security-Policy directive that tells the browser to
211 // upgrade every http:// request, including the ones pointing at
212 // other people's servers. If any of those has no HTTPS the
213 // resource simply stops loading, so this is the one piece of
214 // mixed content handling that can break a page, and it is off by
215 // default like everything else here that forces HTTPS. It used to
216 // ride along with fix_mixed_content with no way to separate them.
217 'upgrade_insecure_requests' => false,
218
219 // Server Protection (moved from firewall in v2.0.0)
220 'hide_server_signature' => true,
221 'remove_fingerprinting_headers' => true,
222 ),
223
224 // Login Security settings
225 'login_security' => array(
226 'enabled' => true,
227 'max_attempts' => 5,
228 'lockout_duration' => 1800,
229 'lockout_increment' => true,
230 'max_lockout_duration' => 86400,
231 'hide_login_errors' => true,
232 // XML-RPC se movio a wp_hardening en la 2.9.7; lo resuelve
233 // Vigilante_Comment_Security::resolve_xmlrpc_mode(), que
234 // sustituye a las dos casillas anteriores (disable_xmlrpc y
235 // disable_xmlrpc_pingback), que podian estar activas a la vez y
236 // contradecirse. A proposito NO se declara aqui ningun default: si se
237 // declarara, el merge con los defaults lo rellenaria siempre y taparia el
238 // respaldo que lee el ajuste antiguo de los sitios que aun no han vuelto a
239 // guardar la pestana. Sin nada guardado, el resolutor devuelve 'full', que
240 // es lo que hacia el default anterior.
241 'disable_application_passwords' => false,
242 'notify_on_lockout' => false,
243 'notify_on_admin_login' => false,
244 'ip_whitelist' => array(),
245 'custom_login_url' => '',
246 'notify_on_login_url_change' => true,
247 // Two-Factor Authentication
248 'two_factor' => array(
249 'enabled' => false,
250 'method' => 'email',
251 'enforced_roles' => array( 'administrator', 'editor' ),
252 'excluded_users' => array(),
253 'remember_device_days' => 30,
254 'allow_remember_device' => false,
255 'code_expiry_minutes' => 10,
256 'max_attempts' => 3,
257 'email_from_name' => '',
258 'notify_on_enable' => true,
259 'grace_period_days' => 3,
260 ),
261 ),
262
263 // REST API Security settings
264 'rest_api_security' => array(
265 'enabled' => true,
266 'mode' => 'selective',
267 'block_user_enumeration' => true,
268 'disable_jsonp' => true,
269 // Empty by default: /wp/v2/users used to live here, but that
270 // duplicated the dedicated "Block user enumeration" toggle.
271 // Now there is one knob = one behaviour. If you want to
272 // protect additional endpoints in selective mode, add them
273 // explicitly via this setting (or via a filter).
274 'protected_endpoints' => array(),
275 'allowed_public_endpoints' => array(
276 '/wp/v2/posts',
277 '/wp/v2/pages',
278 '/wp/v2/categories',
279 '/wp/v2/tags',
280 '/oembed/',
281 ),
282 'plugin_compatibility' => array(
283 'woocommerce' => true,
284 'contact_form_7' => true,
285 'elementor' => true,
286 ),
287 ),
288
289 // User Security settings
290 'user_security' => array(
291 'enabled' => true,
292 'block_insecure_usernames'=> true,
293 'insecure_usernames' => array(
294 'admin', 'administrator', 'user', 'test', 'guest',
295 'info', 'root', 'adm', 'sysadmin', 'support',
296 'webmaster', 'master', 'owner', 'manager', 'demo',
297 ),
298 'block_author_scanning' => true,
299 'force_strong_passwords' => true,
300 'min_password_length' => 12,
301
302 // Granular password policy. Applies only while
303 // force_strong_passwords is on. The defaults follow current
304 // guidance (NIST SP 800-63B): what makes a password weak is being
305 // guessable, not lacking a symbol, and composition rules push
306 // people towards predictable substitutions and towards writing
307 // the password down. So out of the box only the two rules that
308 // block genuinely guessable passwords are on, and the four
309 // character-class requirements ship off for anyone to turn on.
310 // Existing sites keep whatever they have stored.
311 // affected_roles empty = all roles.
312 'password_policy' => array(
313 'require_uppercase' => false,
314 'require_lowercase' => false,
315 'require_number' => false,
316 'require_special' => false,
317 'block_common' => true,
318 'block_username' => true,
319 'affected_roles' => array(),
320 ),
321
322 'prevent_display_name_login_match' => true,
323
324 // Admin monitoring
325 // The two alerts that report someone gaining power ship on: a
326 // new administrator and a role being raised are the signature of
327 // an account takeover, and they are rare enough not to be noise.
328 // The other two are ordinary admin housekeeping and stay opt-in.
329 'admin_monitoring' => array(
330 'alert_new_admin' => true,
331 'alert_admin_email_change' => false,
332 'alert_permission_elevation' => true,
333 'alert_admin_password_change' => false,
334 ),
335
336 // Force password reset (no options, uses native WordPress flow)
337
338 // Registration approval
339 'registration_approval' => array(
340 'enabled' => false,
341 'notify_admin' => false,
342 'auto_reject_days' => 0,
343 'affected_roles' => array( 'subscriber' ),
344 ),
345
346 // Session management
347 'session_management' => array(
348 'enabled' => true,
349 'show_in_profile' => true,
350 ),
351
352 // Session limits
353 'session_limits' => array(
354 'enabled' => true,
355 'max_sessions' => 3,
356 'behavior' => 'close_oldest',
357 'exclude_admins' => false,
358 ),
359
360 // Password expiration ships OFF. Forced rotation is no longer
361 // recommended (NIST SP 800-63B advises against it) and it is by
362 // far the biggest source of support here: people locked out mid
363 // task, cron reminders that never arrive, roles nobody meant to
364 // include. The feature stays for anyone who has to comply with a
365 // policy that still demands it, and the Configuration Score keeps
366 // pointing at it, which is what that score is for.
367 'password_expiration' => array(
368 'enabled' => false,
369 'expire_days' => 90,
370 'warning_days' => 14,
371 'affected_roles' => array( 'administrator', 'editor' ),
372 'excluded_users' => array(),
373 'password_history' => 3,
374 'send_reminder' => false,
375 ),
376
377 // Email verification
378 'email_verification' => array(
379 'enabled' => false,
380 'token_expiry_hours' => 24,
381 'allow_resend' => true,
382 'auto_delete_days' => 7,
383 ),
384 ),
385
386 // WordPress Hardening (combines wp-config, comments, feeds, head cleaner)
387 'wp_hardening' => array(
388 'enabled' => true,
389
390 // wp-config security
391 'disallow_file_edit' => true,
392 'disallow_file_mods' => false,
393 // Off by default. This one writes FORCE_SSL_ADMIN into
394 // wp-config.php, and it used to do so on activation with no
395 // check that the site answers over HTTPS at all, which locks the
396 // owner out of their own admin. Forcing HTTPS is an opt-in
397 // decision per site, consistent with force_https and with HSTS,
398 // both of which already ship off.
399 'force_ssl_admin' => false,
400 'wp_debug' => true,
401 // Off by default — only safe when host has a real server-side cron job;
402 // pairs with firewall.protect_wp_cron to block both internal triggering
403 // (this constant) and external HTTP abuse (the .htaccess rule).
404 'disable_wp_cron' => false,
405
406 // Comment security
407 'disable_pingbacks' => true,
408 'disable_trackbacks' => true,
409 'require_comment_moderation' => true,
410 'close_old_comments' => false,
411 'close_comments_after_days' => 30,
412 'honeypot_comments' => true,
413
414 // Head cleaner
415 'remove_wp_generator' => true,
416 'remove_wp_version_assets' => false,
417 'remove_rsd_link' => true,
418 'remove_wlw_manifest' => true,
419 'remove_shortlink' => true,
420 'remove_rest_api_link' => false,
421
422 // Feed manager
423 'disable_feeds' => false,
424 'disable_if_no_content' => true,
425 'remove_feed_version' => true,
426 ),
427
428 // File Integrity settings
429 'file_integrity' => array(
430 'enabled' => true,
431 'scan_core' => true,
432 'scan_plugins' => true,
433 'scan_themes' => true,
434 'scan_uploads' => true,
435 'scan_critical_config' => true,
436 'check_closed_plugins' => true,
437 'auto_scan' => true,
438 'scan_frequency' => 'daily',
439 'notify_level' => 'suspicious_only',
440 'instant_alert' => false,
441 'excluded_paths' => array(
442 'wp-content/cache',
443 ),
444 'excluded_extensions' => array(
445 // Translations (regenerated per-locale, never in checksums).
446 '.po', '.mo', '.pot',
447 // Binary images (cosmetic, not executable; often rewritten by image-optimizer plugins).
448 '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.ico', '.webp', '.avif',
449 // Stylesheets: frequently rewritten by themes and optimizer
450 // plugins, a common source of post-update false positives.
451 // Strict-mode users can remove it (CSS injection is still a
452 // vector, defended primarily by CSP in the headers module).
453 '.css',
454 ),
455 ),
456
457 // Activity Log settings
458 'activity_log' => array(
459 'retention_days' => 30,
460 'max_entries' => 10000,
461 'log_logins' => true,
462 'log_failed_logins' => true,
463 'log_user_changes' => true,
464 'log_post_changes' => true,
465 'log_plugin_changes' => true,
466 'log_theme_changes' => true,
467 'log_option_changes' => false,
468 'log_file_changes' => true,
469 'log_comments' => true,
470 'log_media' => true,
471 'excluded_users' => array(),
472 'excluded_ips' => array(),
473 'tracked_options' => array(),
474 ),
475
476 // Backup settings
477 'backup' => array(
478 'keep_backups' => 5,
479 ),
480
481 // Notification settings (centralized recipients for all admin emails)
482 'email' => array(
483 'send_to_admin_email' => true,
484 'additional_recipients' => array(),
485 'send_deactivation_email' => true,
486 ),
487
488 // Advanced settings
489 'advanced' => array(
490 'remove_readme' => true,
491 'remove_license' => true,
492 ),
493
494 // Security Analyzer (v2.1.0) — on-demand + weekly Security Check
495 'security_analyzer' => array(
496 'weekly_scan_enabled' => true,
497 'email_on_regression' => false,
498 ),
499
500 // Audit Alerts (v2.8.0) — alerting layer on top of Security Audit.
501 // The engine subscribes to logged events and only runs when the
502 // Security Audit (activity_log) module is enabled. Opt-in: both
503 // legs start OFF so it never duplicates the per-module emails that
504 // already exist (User Security admin monitoring, Plugin Status...).
505 'audit_alerts' => array(
506 // Shared anti-repeat cooldown (minutes). After an alert, do not
507 // send another about the same thing (same event type for
508 // immediate, same category for threshold) until this passes.
509 // Prevents a flood during a sustained attack.
510 'cooldown_minutes' => 60,
511 // #38 Immediate alerts: selected event types email right away.
512 'immediate' => array(
513 'enabled' => false,
514 // Alert on any logged event at or above this severity. A new
515 // admin, a closed plugin or a privilege escalation are all
516 // logged as "critical", so "critical" already covers them.
517 'min_severity' => 'critical', // 'critical' | 'warning'
518 ),
519 // #10 Threshold alerts: N events of a category within a window.
520 'threshold' => array(
521 'enabled' => false,
522 'window' => '1h', // 30m | 1h | 6h | 24h
523 // Per-category trigger counts (warning/critical events only);
524 // 0 disables that category. Covers every event type that can
525 // log a warning or critical. Keep in sync with
526 // Vigilante_Audit_Alerts::category_labels().
527 'categories' => array(
528 'firewall' => 50,
529 'login' => 20,
530 'user' => 5,
531 'plugin' => 0,
532 'file' => 0,
533 'security' => 0,
534 'system' => 0,
535 'settings' => 0,
536 'theme' => 0,
537 'content' => 0,
538 'comment' => 0,
539 'media' => 0,
540 ),
541 ),
542 ),
543 );
544 }
545
546 /**
547 * Get all options (merged with defaults)
548 *
549 * @return array All options
550 */
551 public function get_all_options() {
552 if ( null === $this->options ) {
553 $saved = get_option( self::OPTION_NAME, array() );
554 $this->options = $this->array_merge_deep( $this->get_default_options(), $saved );
555 }
556 return $this->options;
557 }
558
559 /**
560 * Deep merge arrays
561 *
562 * @param array $defaults Default values.
563 * @param array $saved Saved values.
564 * @return array Merged array.
565 */
566 private function array_merge_deep( $defaults, $saved ) {
567 $result = $defaults;
568
569 foreach ( $saved as $key => $value ) {
570 if ( is_array( $value ) && isset( $result[ $key ] ) && is_array( $result[ $key ] ) ) {
571 $result[ $key ] = $this->array_merge_deep( $result[ $key ], $value );
572 } else {
573 $result[ $key ] = $value;
574 }
575 }
576
577 return $result;
578 }
579
580 /**
581 * Get a specific section
582 *
583 * @param string $section Section name.
584 * @return array Section options.
585 */
586 public function get_section( $section ) {
587 $options = $this->get_all_options();
588 return isset( $options[ $section ] ) ? $options[ $section ] : array();
589 }
590
591 /**
592 * Get a specific option
593 *
594 * @param string $section Section name.
595 * @param string $key Option key.
596 * @param mixed $default Default value.
597 * @return mixed Option value.
598 */
599 public function get_option( $section, $key, $default = null ) {
600 $options = $this->get_all_options();
601
602 if ( isset( $options[ $section ][ $key ] ) ) {
603 return $options[ $section ][ $key ];
604 }
605
606 return $default;
607 }
608
609 /**
610 * Check if a module is enabled
611 *
612 * @param string $module Module name.
613 * @return bool Whether module is enabled.
614 */
615 public function is_module_enabled( $module ) {
616 $options = $this->get_all_options();
617 return ! empty( $options['modules'][ $module ] );
618 }
619
620 /**
621 * Save options
622 *
623 * @param array $options Options to save.
624 * @return bool Success status.
625 */
626 public function save_options( $options ) {
627 $this->options = null;
628 return update_option( self::OPTION_NAME, $options );
629 }
630
631 /**
632 * Update a section
633 *
634 * @param string $section Section name.
635 * @param array $data Section data.
636 * @return bool Success status.
637 */
638 public function update_section( $section, $data ) {
639 $options = get_option( self::OPTION_NAME, array() );
640 $options[ $section ] = $data;
641 $this->options = null;
642 return update_option( self::OPTION_NAME, $options );
643 }
644
645 /**
646 * Update multiple sections at once
647 *
648 * @param array $sections Associative array of section => data.
649 * @return bool Success status.
650 */
651 public function update_options( $sections ) {
652 $options = get_option( self::OPTION_NAME, array() );
653
654 foreach ( $sections as $section => $data ) {
655 $options[ $section ] = $data;
656 }
657
658 $this->options = null;
659 return update_option( self::OPTION_NAME, $options );
660 }
661
662 /**
663 * Clear the options cache
664 */
665 public function clear_cache() {
666 $this->options = null;
667 wp_cache_delete( self::OPTION_NAME, 'options' );
668 }
669
670 /**
671 * Whether this context is allowed to write the files a network shares
672 *
673 * wp-config.php and the root .htaccess are single files for the whole
674 * network, while Vigilant's settings are per site. Without a gate, every
675 * save, activation and deactivation from any site rewrites those files from
676 * that site's own options, so the last one to save wins and silently undoes
677 * the rest. Measured on a real network: the main site enables "disable file
678 * editing", a subsite admin presses Save on their own screen without
679 * touching it, and the constant disappears from wp-config.php while the main
680 * site's screen keeps showing the box ticked.
681 *
682 * So on a network only the main site decides, and only a network
683 * administrator. WP-CLI on the main site counts too: there is no user to ask
684 * there, but the site is the right one, and a network admin running
685 * `wp plugin activate --network` expects the files to be written.
686 *
687 * On a single site this is always true and nothing changes.
688 *
689 * @since 2.9.8
690 *
691 * @return bool
692 */
693 /**
694 * Whether this site is the one that owns the files a network shares.
695 *
696 * Pure site identity, with no capability in it, and that is the point. A
697 * refresh that Vigilant performs by itself, such as rewriting its own
698 * .htaccess block after an update, decides nothing: the content comes from
699 * this site's own options whoever happens to be visiting. What must not
700 * happen is a *different* site writing the shared file, and that is exactly
701 * what this answers.
702 *
703 * can_write_shared_files() below adds the capability on top, and is the
704 * right question for anything a person initiates from a settings screen.
705 *
706 * @since 2.10.1
707 * @return bool
708 */
709 public static function owns_shared_files() {
710 // One wp-config.php and one root .htaccess per installation, even with
711 // several networks in it: is_main_site() alone is true on the main site
712 // of every network. Since 2.11.8, found by the audit of the network.
713 return ! is_multisite() || ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() );
714 }
715
716 public static function can_write_shared_files() {
717 if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
718 return true;
719 }
720
721 // See owns_shared_files(): the main site of a secondary network, and
722 // its network administrator, do not own the installation's files.
723 if ( ! is_main_site() || ! is_main_network() ) {
724 return false;
725 }
726
727 // WP-CLI with nobody logged in: there is no user to ask, and the site is
728 // the right one, so a network admin running `wp plugin activate --network`
729 // gets the files written. With a user set (wp --user=...) the capability
730 // is checked like anywhere else, so the gate cannot be side-stepped by
731 // running as a subsite administrator.
732 if ( defined( 'WP_CLI' ) && WP_CLI && ! get_current_user_id() ) {
733 return true;
734 }
735
736 return current_user_can( 'manage_network_options' );
737 }
738
739 /**
740 * The one message shown wherever a shared-file setting is out of reach
741 *
742 * Deliberately a single string reused by every section, instead of one per
743 * section: it says the same thing everywhere and there is no reason to make
744 * translators write it four times.
745 *
746 * @since 2.9.8
747 *
748 * @return string
749 */
750 public static function get_shared_files_notice() {
751 return __( 'These settings are written to wp-config.php and .htaccess, files the whole network shares. So that one site cannot overwrite another, they are managed from the main site of the network by a network administrator.', 'vigilante' );
752 }
753
754 /**
755 * Apply the tweaks a brand new installation gets on top of the raw defaults
756 *
757 * A few keys are deliberately missing from get_default_options() because
758 * declaring them would break something else. XML-RPC is the one case today:
759 * declaring wp_hardening.xmlrpc_mode would make the defaults merge fill it in
760 * always and hide the fallback that reads the old pair of settings on sites
761 * that have not re-saved the tab. With nothing stored the resolver answers
762 * 'full', which blocks XML-RPC completely, and that is not what we want a new
763 * site to get.
764 *
765 * Everything that seeds a clean configuration has to run this: the activation
766 * hook, the per-section reset and the global reset to defaults. Otherwise the
767 * defaults you get by pressing a button are not the defaults you get by
768 * installing the plugin, which is exactly what happened until 2.9.8.
769 *
770 * @since 2.9.8
771 *
772 * @param array $options Options array to adjust.
773 * @return array
774 */
775 public static function apply_install_tweaks( $options ) {
776 if ( ! isset( $options['wp_hardening'] ) || ! is_array( $options['wp_hardening'] ) ) {
777 $options['wp_hardening'] = array();
778 }
779
780 $options['wp_hardening']['xmlrpc_mode'] = 'pingback';
781
782 return $options;
783 }
784
785 /**
786 * Keys that hold what the site owner typed in, never wiped by a restore
787 *
788 * Putting the security posture back to its defaults is one thing; deleting
789 * an IP whitelist, the secret login address, the two factor setup or the
790 * addresses that receive the alerts is another, and nobody presses a button
791 * called "restore defaults" expecting that. Both the Standard preset and the
792 * two reset buttons leave these alone.
793 *
794 * @since 2.9.8
795 *
796 * @return array<string,string[]>
797 */
798 public static function get_user_data_keys() {
799 return array(
800 'firewall' => array( 'ip_whitelist', 'ip_blacklist', 'ua_whitelist', 'ua_blacklist', 'trusted_proxy_header', 'trusted_proxies' ),
801 'login_security' => array( 'ip_whitelist', 'custom_login_url', 'two_factor' ),
802 'user_security' => array( 'insecure_usernames' ),
803 'file_integrity' => array( 'excluded_paths', 'excluded_extensions' ),
804 'email' => array( 'additional_recipients' ),
805 );
806 }
807
808 /**
809 * Settings whose only effect is written to a file the network shares
810 *
811 * true for a whole section, or the list of keys inside it. Used to keep a
812 * subsite from resetting settings it does not control: the file is written
813 * from the main site, so resetting the local copy would only make the two
814 * disagree.
815 *
816 * Note this is not every setting that reaches .htaccess. Blocking bad bots
817 * or empty user agents also runs in PHP, per site, so those stay editable on
818 * a subsite: the PHP half protects that site and the .htaccess half is
819 * refused, leaving the main site's rules standing. On the main site they
820 * are locked too, see get_main_site_file_settings().
821 *
822 * The PHP blocks for plugins and themes have no field on the settings
823 * screen, but an imported file carries them, and readme.html and
824 * license.txt are removed from the root the whole network shares.
825 *
826 * @since 2.9.8
827 *
828 * @return array<string,true|string[]>
829 */
830 public static function get_shared_file_settings() {
831 return array(
832 'security_headers' => true,
833 'wp_hardening' => array( 'disallow_file_edit', 'disallow_file_mods', 'force_ssl_admin', 'force_ssl_login', 'wp_debug', 'disable_wp_cron' ),
834 'firewall' => array( 'disable_directory_browsing', 'protect_wp_config', 'protect_wp_includes', 'protect_uploads_php', 'protect_sensitive_files', 'protect_wp_cron', 'limit_http_methods', 'block_php_in_plugins', 'block_php_in_themes' ),
835 'advanced' => array( 'remove_readme', 'remove_license' ),
836 );
837 }
838
839 /**
840 * Settings the shared files are built from that also act on the site storing them
841 *
842 * get_shared_file_settings() lists what does nothing but end up in a shared
843 * file. These do both: blocking bad bots and bad query strings, the visitor
844 * IP detection and the two whitelists run in PHP for the site that stores
845 * them, and on the main site of a network they are also what the .htaccess
846 * rules of every site are generated from; the three writing module switches
847 * (firewall, security_headers, wp_hardening) decide whether the .htaccess
848 * blocks and the wp-config.php constants exist at all.
849 *
850 * Since 2.11.8 it also locks what decides whether the shared files are
851 * WATCHED, not built: the File Integrity module and its scan_critical_config
852 * switch. On the main site the critical-file scan is the network's canary
853 * for a change to wp-config.php or the root .htaccess, which only a network
854 * administrator can approve, so a main-site administrator without network
855 * rights must not be able to silence it by turning either one off. Closing
856 * the ignore list and the clear-results button in 2.11.8 left these two as
857 * the remaining routes; found by the audit of the admin surface.
858 *
859 * On a subsite all of them only act on that site, so they stay editable
860 * there (get_locked_file_settings() adds this set only when owns_shared_files()).
861 *
862 * Until 2.11.6 an administrator of the main site without network rights
863 * could change any of them, and the file-only ones too: the write to the
864 * file was refused at that moment, but the value stayed stored, and the
865 * refresh after the next update, or the next save by a network
866 * administrator, published it to the whole network.
867 *
868 * @since 2.11.6
869 * @since 2.11.8 The file_integrity module and scan_critical_config.
870 *
871 * @return array<string,string[]>
872 */
873 /**
874 * The two factor policy that governs this installation
875 *
876 * On a network the answer must not depend on which site the login happens to
877 * arrive at, because the cookie WordPress issues does not: COOKIEHASH comes
878 * from the network siteurl (wp-includes/default-constants.php) and
879 * COOKIE_DOMAIN covers every host of the network
880 * (wp-includes/ms-default-constants.php). Until 2.11.10 the settings, the
881 * enforced roles and the TOTP table were all read per site, so somebody
882 * holding the password of an administrator protected by 2FA on the main site
883 * posted the login to a subsite where that account has no role, was never
884 * asked for a code, and came out with a session valid across the network.
885 * Measured on the Multisite install on 12 sep 2026 (user_requires_2fa true on
886 * the main site, false on demo2 for the same account) and found by the
887 * file-by-file review of 2.11.10.
888 *
889 * So the policy of the main site governs the whole network. On a single site
890 * this is the site's own configuration and nothing changes.
891 *
892 * @since 2.11.10
893 *
894 * @return array The two_factor section that applies.
895 */
896 public static function two_factor_policy() {
897 $options = is_multisite()
898 ? get_blog_option( get_main_site_id(), self::OPTION_NAME, array() )
899 : get_option( self::OPTION_NAME, array() );
900
901 if ( ! is_array( $options ) ) {
902 return array();
903 }
904
905 $login = isset( $options['login_security'] ) && is_array( $options['login_security'] )
906 ? $options['login_security']
907 : array();
908
909 return ( isset( $login['two_factor'] ) && is_array( $login['two_factor'] ) ) ? $login['two_factor'] : array();
910 }
911
912 /**
913 * Whether two factor is required for this account, anywhere in the network
914 *
915 * Union, and deliberately so. Reading the policy only from the main site,
916 * which is what this release did at first, would have switched two factor off
917 * for every network that has it configured per subsite, which until now was
918 * the only way it could be configured at all: a silent downgrade of the very
919 * protection being fixed. Found by the cross review of 2.11.10. So the
920 * question is asked of every site the account belongs to, plus the main site,
921 * each with its own enforced roles and exclusions, and one yes is enough.
922 *
923 * That also closes the bypass: the settings, the roles and the enrolment used
924 * to be read from whichever site the login arrived at, while the cookie
925 * WordPress issues is valid across the whole network (COOKIEHASH comes from
926 * the network siteurl and COOKIE_DOMAIN covers every host of it), so an
927 * account protected on one site could log in through another and come out
928 * with a session valid everywhere.
929 *
930 * @since 2.11.10
931 *
932 * @param WP_User $user User being authenticated.
933 * @return bool
934 */
935 public static function two_factor_required_for( $user ) {
936 return array() !== self::two_factor_demands_for( $user );
937 }
938
939 /**
940 * Which second factor methods this account is asked for, across the network
941 *
942 * Empty when nothing asks. On a network there can be more than one, because
943 * each site keeps its own settings and the requirement is the union of them.
944 *
945 * @since 2.11.10
946 *
947 * @param WP_User $user User being authenticated.
948 * @return string[] Methods asked for, without repeats.
949 */
950 public static function two_factor_methods_for( $user ) {
951 $methods = array();
952
953 foreach ( self::two_factor_demands_for( $user ) as $settings ) {
954 $method = isset( $settings['method'] ) ? (string) $settings['method'] : 'email';
955
956 // A method this version does not know is read as the default rather
957 // than left to fall through. Registering nothing at all is how the
958 // second factor of a whole network went quiet in silence: a saved
959 // value of '' (which validate_section() lets through on an import,
960 // since only the tab has an allowlist) matched neither class, so no
961 // filter was registered anywhere while every screen still said two
962 // factor was on. Found by the third cross review of 2.11.10.
963 $methods[] = in_array( $method, array( 'email', 'totp' ), true ) ? $method : 'email';
964 }
965
966 return array_values( array_unique( $methods ) );
967 }
968
969 /**
970 * Which of the two second factor classes handles this login
971 *
972 * The method cannot be read from one site's settings, and reading it from the
973 * main site was the hole the third cross review of 2.11.10 found: with the
974 * main site on totp and a subsite asking for a code by email, the class that
975 * registered was TOTP, the account had no enrolment, and the "not set up yet"
976 * branch let the login through. In 2.11.9 that same login was asked for its
977 * emailed code. So the question is asked per account, not per site.
978 *
979 * The order is what keeps it closed at both ends:
980 *
981 * 1. An enrolment already made wins. It is the strongest factor the account
982 * has and it is ready to use, wherever in the network it was set up.
983 * 2. Otherwise, if any site asking for a second factor asks for email, email
984 * handles it. Email needs no enrolment, so it can never fall into the
985 * branch that lets a login through for lack of one.
986 * 3. Only when every site asking wants an authenticator app does TOTP handle
987 * it, which is the case the grace period was written for.
988 *
989 * @since 2.11.10
990 *
991 * @param WP_User $user User being authenticated.
992 * @param bool $enrolled Whether the account has a TOTP enrolment anywhere.
993 * @return string 'email', 'totp', or '' when nothing asks.
994 */
995 public static function two_factor_handler_for( $user, $enrolled ) {
996 $methods = self::two_factor_methods_for( $user );
997
998 if ( ! $methods ) {
999 return '';
1000 }
1001
1002 if ( $enrolled ) {
1003 return 'totp';
1004 }
1005
1006 return in_array( 'email', $methods, true ) ? 'email' : 'totp';
1007 }
1008
1009 /**
1010 * The two factor settings of every site that asks this account for one
1011 *
1012 * @since 2.11.10
1013 *
1014 * @param WP_User $user User being authenticated.
1015 * @return array[] The two_factor section of each site that asks.
1016 */
1017 private static function two_factor_demands_for( $user ) {
1018 if ( empty( $user->ID ) ) {
1019 return array();
1020 }
1021
1022 if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
1023 $roles = ( isset( $user->roles ) && is_array( $user->roles ) ) ? $user->roles : array();
1024 $policy = self::two_factor_policy();
1025
1026 return self::two_factor_site_requires( $policy, $user, $roles ) ? array( $policy ) : array();
1027 }
1028
1029 $demands = array();
1030 $blog_ids = array( (int) get_main_site_id() );
1031
1032 /*
1033 * A super administrator is a member of almost no site (measured on the
1034 * Multisite install: of three sites, the network owner belongs to one),
1035 * yet can log in through any of them and the cookie is valid everywhere.
1036 * Asking only the sites they belong to left the account with the most
1037 * power in the network outside the policy, which is the bypass upside
1038 * down. So for them every site of the network is consulted. There are
1039 * few super administrators and this runs at login, not per request.
1040 */
1041 if ( is_super_admin( $user->ID ) ) {
1042 $blog_ids = array_merge( $blog_ids, get_sites( array( 'fields' => 'ids', 'number' => 200 ) ) );
1043 }
1044
1045 foreach ( get_blogs_of_user( $user->ID ) as $blog ) {
1046 if ( ! empty( $blog->userblog_id ) ) {
1047 $blog_ids[] = (int) $blog->userblog_id;
1048 }
1049 }
1050
1051 foreach ( array_unique( $blog_ids ) as $blog_id ) {
1052 $options = get_blog_option( $blog_id, self::OPTION_NAME, array() );
1053
1054 if ( ! is_array( $options ) || empty( $options['login_security']['two_factor'] ) ) {
1055 continue;
1056 }
1057
1058 /*
1059 * A site whose Login Security module is off asks for nothing, and
1060 * reading only the sub-setting made it ask anyway: a subsite that had
1061 * switched the whole module off, leaving an orphan two_factor.enabled
1062 * behind, imposed a second factor on every account of the network,
1063 * with no screen anywhere explaining why. It is the two-level toggle
1064 * trap of this plugin read upside down. Found by the third cross
1065 * review of 2.11.10.
1066 */
1067 if ( empty( $options['modules']['login_security'] ) ) {
1068 continue;
1069 }
1070
1071 $elsewhere = new WP_User( $user->ID );
1072 $elsewhere->for_site( $blog_id );
1073
1074 // A super administrator can hold no role row anywhere, and is judged
1075 // as an administrator so the strictest policy of the network reaches
1076 // the account with the most power in it.
1077 $roles = ( isset( $elsewhere->roles ) && is_array( $elsewhere->roles ) && $elsewhere->roles )
1078 ? $elsewhere->roles
1079 : ( is_super_admin( $user->ID ) ? array( 'administrator' ) : array() );
1080
1081 if ( self::two_factor_site_requires( $options['login_security']['two_factor'], $user, $roles ) ) {
1082 $demands[] = $options['login_security']['two_factor'];
1083 }
1084 }
1085
1086 return $demands;
1087 }
1088
1089 /**
1090 * Whether one site's two factor settings cover this account
1091 *
1092 * @since 2.11.10
1093 *
1094 * @param array $settings The two_factor section of one site.
1095 * @param WP_User $user User being authenticated.
1096 * @param string[] $roles Roles the account holds on that site.
1097 * @return bool
1098 */
1099 private static function two_factor_site_requires( $settings, $user, $roles ) {
1100 if ( ! is_array( $settings ) || empty( $settings['enabled'] ) ) {
1101 return false;
1102 }
1103
1104 $excluded = isset( $settings['excluded_users'] ) ? array_map( 'absint', (array) $settings['excluded_users'] ) : array();
1105
1106 if ( in_array( (int) $user->ID, $excluded, true ) ) {
1107 return false;
1108 }
1109
1110 $enforced = isset( $settings['enforced_roles'] ) ? (array) $settings['enforced_roles'] : array( 'administrator', 'editor' );
1111
1112 return (bool) array_intersect( (array) $roles, $enforced );
1113 }
1114
1115 /**
1116 * Settings that only a network administrator may change on the main site
1117 *
1118 * @return array<string,string[]>
1119 */
1120 public static function get_main_site_file_settings() {
1121 return array(
1122 'modules' => array( 'firewall', 'security_headers', 'wp_hardening', 'file_integrity' ),
1123 // trusted_proxies goes with trusted_proxy_header, and leaving it out
1124 // was a hole: the header decides which address the firewall of the
1125 // whole installation acts on, and this list decides which peers may
1126 // set that header. An administrator of the main site without network
1127 // rights who could edit only this half turned every visitor into a
1128 // trusted proxy. Found by the file-by-file review of 2.11.10.
1129 'firewall' => array( 'block_bad_bots', 'block_bad_query_strings', 'trusted_proxy_header', 'trusted_proxies', 'ip_whitelist', 'ua_whitelist' ),
1130 'file_integrity' => array( 'scan_critical_config' ),
1131 );
1132 }
1133
1134 /**
1135 * Shared file settings the current user may not change on this site
1136 *
1137 * Empty when the user can write the shared files. Otherwise the file-only
1138 * settings on every site, plus, on the main site, the ones it also builds
1139 * the shared files from.
1140 *
1141 * @since 2.11.6
1142 *
1143 * @return array<string,true|string[]>
1144 */
1145 public static function get_locked_file_settings() {
1146 if ( self::can_write_shared_files() ) {
1147 return array();
1148 }
1149
1150 $locked = self::get_shared_file_settings();
1151
1152 if ( self::owns_shared_files() ) {
1153 foreach ( self::get_main_site_file_settings() as $section => $keys ) {
1154 if ( ! isset( $locked[ $section ] ) ) {
1155 $locked[ $section ] = $keys;
1156 } elseif ( is_array( $locked[ $section ] ) ) {
1157 $locked[ $section ] = array_values( array_unique( array_merge( $locked[ $section ], $keys ) ) );
1158 }
1159 }
1160 }
1161
1162 return $locked;
1163 }
1164
1165 /**
1166 * Put back the stored value of every shared file setting the user may not change
1167 *
1168 * For every writer of the whole configuration: saving a tab, importing a
1169 * file, applying a preset, restoring the defaults. Hiding a field on the
1170 * screen decides nothing, because the request can carry the key anyway. A
1171 * key that was not stored is dropped, so its default keeps applying.
1172 *
1173 * @since 2.11.6
1174 *
1175 * @param array $options Configuration about to be stored.
1176 * @param array $stored Configuration stored now, as read from the option.
1177 * @return array
1178 */
1179 public static function keep_locked_file_settings( $options, $stored ) {
1180 $options = is_array( $options ) ? $options : array();
1181 $stored = is_array( $stored ) ? $stored : array();
1182 $locked = self::get_locked_file_settings();
1183
1184 if ( ! $locked ) {
1185 return $options;
1186 }
1187
1188 /*
1189 * A key that was never stored takes its default, which is what it was
1190 * worth before. Until 2.11.8 it was dropped instead, and the sanitize
1191 * callback of the option filled it in again, but validate_options()
1192 * fills a missing module switch with false, not with its default.
1193 */
1194 $instance = new self();
1195 $defaults = $instance->get_default_options();
1196
1197 foreach ( $locked as $section => $keys ) {
1198 if ( true === $keys ) {
1199 if ( array_key_exists( $section, $stored ) ) {
1200 $options[ $section ] = $stored[ $section ];
1201 } elseif ( isset( $defaults[ $section ] ) ) {
1202 $options[ $section ] = $defaults[ $section ];
1203 } else {
1204 unset( $options[ $section ] );
1205 }
1206 continue;
1207 }
1208
1209 $stored_section = ( isset( $stored[ $section ] ) && is_array( $stored[ $section ] ) ) ? $stored[ $section ] : array();
1210 $default_section = ( isset( $defaults[ $section ] ) && is_array( $defaults[ $section ] ) ) ? $defaults[ $section ] : array();
1211
1212 foreach ( $keys as $key ) {
1213 if ( array_key_exists( $key, $stored_section ) ) {
1214 $value = $stored_section[ $key ];
1215 } elseif ( array_key_exists( $key, $default_section ) ) {
1216 $value = $default_section[ $key ];
1217 } else {
1218 if ( isset( $options[ $section ] ) && is_array( $options[ $section ] ) ) {
1219 unset( $options[ $section ][ $key ] );
1220 }
1221 continue;
1222 }
1223
1224 if ( ! isset( $options[ $section ] ) || ! is_array( $options[ $section ] ) ) {
1225 $options[ $section ] = array();
1226 }
1227 $options[ $section ][ $key ] = $value;
1228 }
1229 }
1230
1231 return $options;
1232 }
1233
1234 /**
1235 * Take a lock kept as a row of the options table, or report that another request holds it
1236 *
1237 * add_option() cannot be a lock: it runs INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
1238 * (wp-includes/option.php:1142 in WP 7.1), so two requests that both find
1239 * the option missing both "create" it and both believe they hold it. INSERT
1240 * IGNORE creates the row for exactly one of them, which is what core does in
1241 * WP_Upgrader::create_lock() (wp-admin/includes/class-wp-upgrader.php:1065).
1242 * A lock older than the timeout counts as abandoned, by a fatal error between
1243 * taking and releasing it, and only one request takes it over.
1244 *
1245 * @since 2.11.8
1246 *
1247 * @param string $name Option name of the lock, in the current site's table.
1248 * @param int $timeout Seconds after which a held lock counts as abandoned.
1249 * @return bool True if this request now holds the lock.
1250 */
1251 public static function acquire_option_lock( $name, $timeout ) {
1252 global $wpdb;
1253
1254 // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.DirectQuery,WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.NoCaching -- an atomic lock needs INSERT IGNORE, which the options API does not offer; same query as WP_Upgrader::create_lock().
1255 if ( $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT IGNORE INTO {$wpdb->options} ( option_name, option_value, autoload ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' )", $name, (string) time() ) ) ) {
1256 wp_cache_delete( $name, 'options' );
1257 return true;
1258 }
1259
1260 // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.DirectQuery,WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.NoCaching -- the lock row as stored right now, not a cached copy.
1261 $held = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT option_value FROM {$wpdb->options} WHERE option_name = %s", $name ) );
1262
1263 if ( null === $held || ( time() - (int) $held ) < $timeout ) {
1264 return false;
1265 }
1266
1267 // Abandoned: the delete only matches the value that was read, and only one
1268 // request wins the insert that follows.
1269 // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.DirectQuery,WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.NoCaching -- removes an abandoned lock row.
1270 $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM {$wpdb->options} WHERE option_name = %s AND option_value = %s", $name, $held ) );
1271
1272 // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.DirectQuery,WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.NoCaching -- same atomic insert as above.
1273 return (bool) $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT IGNORE INTO {$wpdb->options} ( option_name, option_value, autoload ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' )", $name, (string) time() ) );
1274 }
1275
1276 /**
1277 * Release a lock taken with acquire_option_lock()
1278 *
1279 * @since 2.11.8
1280 *
1281 * @param string $name Option name of the lock.
1282 */
1283 public static function release_option_lock( $name ) {
1284 global $wpdb;
1285
1286 // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.DirectQuery,WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.NoCaching -- removes the row acquire_option_lock() inserted.
1287 $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM {$wpdb->options} WHERE option_name = %s", $name ) );
1288 wp_cache_delete( $name, 'options' );
1289 }
1290
1291 /**
1292 * Put a configuration back to the defaults without deleting what the owner typed
1293 *
1294 * @since 2.9.8
1295 *
1296 * @param array $current Configuration being replaced.
1297 * @return array
1298 */
1299 public static function get_defaults_preserving_user_data( $current ) {
1300 $instance = new self();
1301 $defaults = self::apply_install_tweaks( $instance->get_default_options() );
1302
1303 foreach ( self::get_user_data_keys() as $section => $keys ) {
1304 foreach ( $keys as $key ) {
1305 if ( isset( $current[ $section ] ) && array_key_exists( $key, (array) $current[ $section ] ) ) {
1306 $defaults[ $section ][ $key ] = $current[ $section ][ $key ];
1307 }
1308 }
1309 }
1310
1311 return $defaults;
1312 }
1313
1314 /**
1315 * The values the Standard preset applies
1316 *
1317 * Standard is the configuration a new installation gets, with every module
1318 * on. It is built from the defaults rather than written out by hand, because
1319 * a hand-written copy drifts: until 2.9.8 Standard named a dozen fields and
1320 * left everything else alone, so applying it after Maximum kept Maximum's
1321 * password rules, its administrator alerts, its session limits and its
1322 * password expiry, and the preset that says it applies sensible defaults
1323 * applied almost none of them.
1324 *
1325 * The only thing it does not touch is what the site owner typed in: IP and
1326 * user agent lists, the custom login address, two factor configuration, the
1327 * integrity scan exclusions and the extra notification recipients. Putting
1328 * the security posture back to the defaults is one thing, throwing away
1329 * someone's whitelist is another, and "Reset to Defaults" is right there for
1330 * that.
1331 *
1332 * @since 2.9.8
1333 *
1334 * @return array
1335 */
1336 private function get_standard_preset_values() {
1337 $values = self::apply_install_tweaks( $this->get_default_options() );
1338
1339 foreach ( array_keys( $values['modules'] ) as $module ) {
1340 $values['modules'][ $module ] = true;
1341 }
1342
1343 foreach ( self::get_user_data_keys() as $section => $keys ) {
1344 foreach ( $keys as $key ) {
1345 unset( $values[ $section ][ $key ] );
1346 }
1347 }
1348
1349 unset( $values['user_security']['password_expiration']['excluded_users'] );
1350
1351 return $values;
1352 }
1353
1354 /**
1355 * Merge a preset over a configuration
1356 *
1357 * Not array_replace_recursive(), which is wrong for this in two ways. A list
1358 * of roles in the preset is merged position by position instead of replacing
1359 * the stored one, so applying Standard over Maximum turned the two roles
1360 * Standard expires passwords for into Maximum's five with the first two
1361 * overwritten. And an empty list in the preset clears nothing at all,
1362 * because there is no element to replace with.
1363 *
1364 * So: associative arrays are merged key by key, and lists and scalars are
1365 * replaced outright.
1366 *
1367 * @since 2.9.8
1368 *
1369 * @param array $base Current configuration.
1370 * @param array $overlay Preset values.
1371 * @return array
1372 */
1373 public static function merge_preset( $base, $overlay ) {
1374 foreach ( $overlay as $key => $value ) {
1375 if ( is_array( $value ) && isset( $base[ $key ] ) && is_array( $base[ $key ] ) && ! self::is_list( $value ) ) {
1376 $base[ $key ] = self::merge_preset( $base[ $key ], $value );
1377 continue;
1378 }
1379
1380 $base[ $key ] = $value;
1381 }
1382
1383 return $base;
1384 }
1385
1386 /**
1387 * Whether an array is a plain list (0..n-1 keys)
1388 *
1389 * array_is_list() is PHP 8.1 and this plugin supports 7.4.
1390 *
1391 * @since 2.9.8
1392 *
1393 * @param array $value Array to inspect.
1394 * @return bool
1395 */
1396 private static function is_list( $value ) {
1397 if ( array() === $value ) {
1398 return true;
1399 }
1400
1401 return array_keys( $value ) === range( 0, count( $value ) - 1 );
1402 }
1403
1404 /**
1405 * Get presets with descriptions
1406 *
1407 * @return array Presets configuration.
1408 */
1409 public function get_presets() {
1410 return array(
1411 'standard' => array_merge(
1412 array(
1413 'name' => __( 'Standard', 'vigilante' ),
1414 'description' => __( 'Balanced security suitable for most websites. Enables every module and puts every setting back to the value a new installation gets.', 'vigilante' ),
1415 ),
1416 $this->get_standard_preset_values()
1417 ),
1418
1419 'maximum' => array(
1420 'name' => __( 'Maximum Security', 'vigilante' ),
1421 'description' => __( 'Strictest settings for high-security sites. CSP is set to report-only mode to prevent breaking the admin interface.', 'vigilante' ),
1422 'modules' => array(
1423 'firewall' => true,
1424 'security_headers' => true,
1425 'login_security' => true,
1426 'rest_api_security'=> true,
1427 'user_security' => true,
1428 'wp_hardening' => true,
1429 'file_integrity' => true,
1430 'activity_log' => true,
1431 ),
1432 'firewall' => array(
1433 'block_bad_query_strings' => true,
1434 'block_sql_injection' => true,
1435 'block_xss_attacks' => true,
1436 'block_file_inclusion' => true,
1437 'block_directory_traversal' => true,
1438 'block_bad_bots' => true,
1439 'block_empty_user_agent' => true,
1440 'rate_limiting' => array(
1441 'enabled' => true,
1442 'requests_per_minute' => 60,
1443 'block_duration' => 600,
1444 'progressive' => true,
1445 'max_block_duration' => 86400,
1446 ),
1447 ),
1448 'security_headers' => array(
1449 'x_frame_options' => 'DENY',
1450 // HSTS is intentionally NOT enabled by Maximum: forcing HSTS on a site
1451 // that doesn't have a healthy HTTPS setup (or temporarily falls back to
1452 // HTTP) locks visitors out for the full max_age. Leaving HSTS off keeps
1453 // it as an explicit opt-in decision per site.
1454 'csp' => array(
1455 'enabled' => true,
1456 'report_only' => false,
1457 'directives' => array(
1458 'default-src' => "'self'",
1459 'script-src' => "'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'",
1460 'style-src' => "'self' 'unsafe-inline'",
1461 'img-src' => "'self' data: https: blob:",
1462 'font-src' => "'self' data:",
1463 'connect-src' => "'self' https: blob:",
1464 'frame-src' => "'self' blob:",
1465 'frame-ancestors' => "'none'",
1466 'worker-src' => "'self' blob:",
1467 'object-src' => "'none'",
1468 'base-uri' => "'self'",
1469 ),
1470 ),
1471 ),
1472 'rest_api_security' => array(
1473 'mode' => 'authenticated_only',
1474 ),
1475 'login_security' => array(
1476 'max_attempts' => 3,
1477 'lockout_duration' => 3600,
1478 'lockout_increment' => true,
1479 'notify_on_lockout' => true,
1480 'notify_on_admin_login' => true,
1481 ),
1482 'wp_hardening' => array(
1483 'xmlrpc_mode' => 'full',
1484 'disallow_file_edit' => true,
1485 'disallow_file_mods' => true,
1486 // close_old_comments is intentionally NOT touched by Maximum:
1487 // it would unilaterally close discussion on every old post,
1488 // which is a content decision, not a security one.
1489 ),
1490 'user_security' => array(
1491 'prevent_display_name_login_match' => true,
1492 'min_password_length' => 16,
1493 'password_policy' => array(
1494 'require_uppercase' => true,
1495 'require_lowercase' => true,
1496 'require_number' => true,
1497 'require_special' => true,
1498 'block_common' => true,
1499 'block_username' => true,
1500 'affected_roles' => array(),
1501 ),
1502 'admin_monitoring' => array(
1503 'alert_new_admin' => true,
1504 'alert_admin_email_change' => true,
1505 'alert_permission_elevation' => true,
1506 'alert_admin_password_change' => true,
1507 ),
1508 'registration_approval' => array(
1509 'enabled' => true,
1510 'notify_admin' => true,
1511 'auto_reject_days' => 7,
1512 'affected_roles' => array( 'subscriber', 'contributor', 'author', 'editor' ),
1513 ),
1514 'session_limits' => array(
1515 'enabled' => true,
1516 'max_sessions' => 1,
1517 'behavior' => 'close_oldest',
1518 'exclude_admins' => false,
1519 ),
1520 'password_expiration' => array(
1521 'enabled' => true,
1522 'expire_days' => 30,
1523 'warning_days' => 7,
1524 'affected_roles' => array( 'administrator', 'editor', 'author', 'contributor', 'subscriber' ),
1525 'password_history' => 5,
1526 'send_reminder' => true,
1527 ),
1528 'email_verification' => array(
1529 'enabled' => true,
1530 'token_expiry_hours' => 24,
1531 'allow_resend' => true,
1532 'auto_delete_days' => 3,
1533 ),
1534 ),
1535 'file_integrity' => array(
1536 'scan_core' => true,
1537 'scan_plugins' => true,
1538 'scan_themes' => true,
1539 'scan_uploads' => true,
1540 'scan_critical_config' => true,
1541 'auto_scan' => true,
1542 'scan_frequency' => 'daily',
1543 'notify_level' => 'all',
1544 'instant_alert' => true,
1545 ),
1546 // A configuration called Maximum Security that never tells you
1547 // anything happened is half a product, so the audit alerts ship
1548 // on with it. The shared cooldown keeps a sustained attack from
1549 // turning into a flood. Under Attack mode builds on this preset,
1550 // so it inherits them for as long as it is on and gives them back
1551 // when it is switched off.
1552 'audit_alerts' => array(
1553 'immediate' => array(
1554 'enabled' => true,
1555 'min_severity' => 'critical',
1556 ),
1557 'threshold' => array(
1558 'enabled' => true,
1559 ),
1560 ),
1561 'activity_log' => array(
1562 'log_logins' => true,
1563 'log_failed_logins' => true,
1564 'log_user_changes' => true,
1565 'log_post_changes' => true,
1566 'log_plugin_changes' => true,
1567 'log_theme_changes' => true,
1568 'log_option_changes' => true,
1569 'log_file_changes' => true,
1570 'log_comments' => true,
1571 'log_media' => true,
1572 ),
1573 ),
1574 );
1575 }
1576
1577 /**
1578 * Get module labels for display
1579 *
1580 * @return array Module labels.
1581 */
1582 public function get_module_labels() {
1583 return array(
1584 'firewall' => __( 'Firewall', 'vigilante' ),
1585 'security_headers' => __( 'Security Headers', 'vigilante' ),
1586 'login_security' => __( 'Login Security', 'vigilante' ),
1587 'rest_api_security'=> __( 'REST API Security', 'vigilante' ),
1588 'user_security' => __( 'User Security', 'vigilante' ),
1589 'wp_hardening' => __( 'WordPress Hardening', 'vigilante' ),
1590 'file_integrity' => __( 'File Integrity', 'vigilante' ),
1591 'activity_log' => __( 'Security Audit', 'vigilante' ),
1592 );
1593 }
1594
1595 /**
1596 * Get module descriptions for display
1597 *
1598 * @return array Module descriptions.
1599 */
1600 public function get_module_descriptions() {
1601 return array(
1602 'firewall' => __( 'Blocks malicious requests, SQL injection, XSS attacks, and bad bots. Includes rate limiting and file protection.', 'vigilante' ),
1603 'security_headers' => __( 'Adds HTTP security headers like CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options. Forces HTTPS and fixes mixed content.', 'vigilante' ),
1604 'login_security' => __( 'Brute force protection, 2FA, login attempt limits, XML-RPC control, and notifications.', 'vigilante' ),
1605 'rest_api_security'=> __( 'Controls REST API access, blocks user enumeration, and protects sensitive endpoints.', 'vigilante' ),
1606 'user_security' => __( 'Blocks insecure usernames, enforces strong passwords, and prevents author scanning.', 'vigilante' ),
1607 'wp_hardening' => __( 'Hardens wp-config.php, manages comments, cleans header output, and controls feeds.', 'vigilante' ),
1608 'file_integrity' => __( 'Scans WordPress core, plugins, and themes for unauthorized changes and suspicious code.', 'vigilante' ),
1609 'activity_log' => __( 'Records user actions, logins, content changes, and security events for security auditing.', 'vigilante' ),
1610 );
1611 }
1612
1613 /**
1614 * Validate options before saving
1615 *
1616 * @param array $input Raw input to validate.
1617 * @return array Validated options.
1618 */
1619 public function validate_options( $input ) {
1620 $validated = array();
1621 $defaults = $this->get_default_options();
1622
1623 // Validate each section that exists in input
1624 foreach ( $input as $section => $data ) {
1625 if ( ! is_array( $data ) ) {
1626 continue;
1627 }
1628
1629 if ( 'modules' === $section ) {
1630 // Validate modules (booleans)
1631 foreach ( $defaults['modules'] as $module => $default_value ) {
1632 $validated['modules'][ $module ] = isset( $data[ $module ] )
1633 ? (bool) $data[ $module ]
1634 : false;
1635 }
1636 } elseif ( isset( $defaults[ $section ] ) ) {
1637 // Validate other sections using generic validator
1638 $validated[ $section ] = $this->validate_section( $data, $defaults[ $section ] );
1639
1640 // The few keys that live outside get_default_options() on
1641 // purpose (see apply_install_tweaks()) survive with their own
1642 // validation, or an import would silently lose them and the
1643 // XML-RPC resolver would fall back to blocking everything.
1644 foreach ( self::undeclared_keys( $section ) as $key => $type ) {
1645 if ( ! array_key_exists( $key, $data ) ) {
1646 continue;
1647 }
1648 if ( 'bool' === $type ) {
1649 $validated[ $section ][ $key ] = (bool) $data[ $key ];
1650 } elseif ( is_array( $type ) && in_array( $data[ $key ], $type, true ) ) {
1651 $validated[ $section ][ $key ] = $data[ $key ];
1652 }
1653 }
1654 }
1655 }
1656
1657 /*
1658 * The lock on the settings the shared files are built from is NOT applied
1659 * here, and that is a decision, not an oversight. The second cross review
1660 * of 2.11.10 raised that register_setting( 'vigilante_options', ... )
1661 * declares this as its sanitize callback with no lock in it, so anything
1662 * reaching options.php with that option group would write the whole
1663 * option. The chain does not close: the plugin prints no settings_fields()
1664 * for that group anywhere, so the nonce it would need is not obtainable,
1665 * and the five places that do save (saving a tab, importing, a preset,
1666 * restoring the defaults, resetting a section) all apply
1667 * keep_locked_file_settings() themselves.
1668 *
1669 * Putting it here instead would be worse than the door it closes. A
1670 * register_setting() callback runs on EVERY update_option() of this
1671 * option, so it would also lock the writes with no user behind them: the
1672 * expiry of Under Attack restoring what it hardened, WP-CLI and cron.
1673 * Those are already covered by matriz-red-ajustes-compartidos.sh, which
1674 * is where such a change would show up as a row that stopped passing.
1675 */
1676
1677 return apply_filters( 'vigilante_validate_options', $validated, $input );
1678 }
1679
1680 /**
1681 * Keys deliberately absent from get_default_options(), with how to validate them
1682 *
1683 * Declaring them as defaults would break the fallback they exist for (see
1684 * apply_install_tweaks()), but the validator still has to know them, or a
1685 * settings import drops them (found in the 2.11.0 cross review).
1686 *
1687 * @since 2.11.0
1688 *
1689 * @param string $section Section name.
1690 * @return array key => 'bool' or list of allowed values.
1691 */
1692 private static function undeclared_keys( $section ) {
1693 $keys = array(
1694 'wp_hardening' => array( 'xmlrpc_mode' => array( 'full', 'pingback', 'none' ) ),
1695 'login_security' => array(
1696 'disable_xmlrpc' => 'bool',
1697 'disable_xmlrpc_pingback' => 'bool',
1698 ),
1699 );
1700
1701 return isset( $keys[ $section ] ) ? $keys[ $section ] : array();
1702 }
1703
1704 /**
1705 * Whether a default value describes a free list rather than a schema
1706 *
1707 * An empty array or sequential numeric keys (an IP whitelist, a list of
1708 * roles) is a list: every entry the user typed is kept. Anything else is a
1709 * schema: only its keys survive validation.
1710 *
1711 * @since 2.11.0
1712 *
1713 * @param array $defaults Default value of a setting.
1714 * @return bool
1715 */
1716 private function is_list_default( $defaults ) {
1717 if ( array() === $defaults ) {
1718 return true;
1719 }
1720
1721 return array_keys( $defaults ) === range( 0, count( $defaults ) - 1 );
1722 }
1723
1724 /**
1725 * Validate a section based on defaults
1726 *
1727 * Since 2.11.0 the result only holds keys the defaults know. The loop that
1728 * used to reincorporate unknown keys "sanitized" meant a settings import
1729 * could merge any key it liked into vigilante_options (S7 of the 28 Aug
1730 * 2026 audit). Lists are the exception, handled first: their entries are
1731 * data, not keys.
1732 *
1733 * @param array $input Input values.
1734 * @param array $defaults Default values.
1735 * @return array Validated values.
1736 */
1737 private function validate_section( $input, $defaults ) {
1738 $validated = array();
1739
1740 if ( $this->is_list_default( $defaults ) ) {
1741 if ( ! is_array( $input ) ) {
1742 return array();
1743 }
1744
1745 $list = array();
1746 foreach ( $input as $value ) {
1747 if ( is_scalar( $value ) ) {
1748 $list[] = sanitize_text_field( (string) $value );
1749 } elseif ( is_array( $value ) ) {
1750 $list[] = map_deep( $value, 'sanitize_text_field' );
1751 }
1752 }
1753
1754 return $list;
1755 }
1756
1757 foreach ( $defaults as $key => $default_value ) {
1758 if ( ! isset( $input[ $key ] ) ) {
1759 $validated[ $key ] = $default_value;
1760 continue;
1761 }
1762
1763 $value = $input[ $key ];
1764
1765 if ( is_bool( $default_value ) ) {
1766 $validated[ $key ] = (bool) $value;
1767 } elseif ( is_int( $default_value ) ) {
1768 $validated[ $key ] = intval( $value );
1769 } elseif ( is_array( $default_value ) ) {
1770 if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
1771 $validated[ $key ] = $this->validate_section( $value, $default_value );
1772 } else {
1773 $validated[ $key ] = $default_value;
1774 }
1775 } else {
1776 $validated[ $key ] = sanitize_text_field( $value );
1777 }
1778 }
1779
1780 // Keys the defaults do not declare are dropped on purpose (S7).
1781
1782 return $validated;
1783 }
1784 }